Advances in Clean Energy Technologies: Select Proceedings of ICET 2020

✍ Scribed by Prashant V. Baredar, Srinivas Tangellapalli, Chetan Singh Solanki

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 1130
• Series: Springer Proceedings in Energy
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book presents select proceedings of the international conference on Innovations in Clean Energy Technologies (ICET 2020) and examines a range of durable, energy efficient and next-generation smart green technologies for sustainable future by reflecting on the trends, advances and development taking place all across the globe. The topics covered include smart technologies based product, energy efficient systems, solar and wind energy, carbon sequestration, green transportation, green buildings, energy material, biomass energy, smart cites, hydro power, bio-energy and fuel cell. The book also discusses various performance attributes of these clean energy technologies and their workability and carbon footprint. The book will be a valuable reference for beginners, researchers and professionals interested in clean energy technologies.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
About This Book
Contents
About the Editors
1 Experimental Investigation of Domestic Refrigerator Used as an Air Conditioner by Augmentation Method
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Experimental Methodology
1.2.1 Experimental Setup for Case-1
1.2.2 Experimental Setup for Case-2
1.3 Result and Discussion
1.4 Conclusion
References
2 Stabilizing Molten Salts Through Additives for High Temperature CSP Applications
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Experimental Setup and Procedure
2.3 Results and Discussion
2.4 Conclusion
References
3 Impact of Various Heterogeneous Catalysts on the Production of Biodiesel
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 The Impact of Heterogeneous Catalyst on Biodiesel Production
3.1.2 Solid Base Catalyst
3.1.3 Solid Acid Catalysts
3.1.4 Enzymatic Catalysts
3.2 Conclusion
References
4 Investigations on the Use of Molten Oxides for High Temperature Heat Transfer in Solar Power Plants
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Materials and Methods
4.2.1 Preparation of Oxide Mixtures
4.2.2 Viscosity Measurement
4.2.3 Thermogravimetric Analysis
4.3 Results and Discussion
4.4 Conclusion
References
5 Non-invasive Measurement of Oxygenated Hemoglobin (SpO2) and Blood Pressure
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Measurement Principles
5.2.1 Methods
5.3 Results
5.4 Conclusion
References
6 Investigation and Simulation of Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic System
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Problem and Challenges in Solar PV System
6.2.1 High Investment
6.2.2 Need for New Business Model (Good Incentives for People to Buy Rooftop Solar PV)
6.2.3 Snail Trail Effect
6.3 Design Methodology
6.3.1 On-Grid PV Array Sizing
6.3.2 Shadow Analysis
6.4 Major System Components and Input Parameters of the Components
6.5 Calculations for 124.8 kW Plant
6.5.1 Basic Calculations
6.5.2 Return of Investment Calculations
6.5.3 Percentage of Money Saved on Electricity Bill on Average by Solar Energy
6.6 Design of 124.8 kW PV System.
6.6.1 Orientation
6.7 Results and Discussion
6.7.1 Balances and Main Result
6.7.2 Loss Diagram
6.7.3 Normalized Production
6.7.4 Shadow Analysis
6.7.5 Emissions Saved
6.7.6 Economic and Cost Analysis
6.8 Conclusion
References
7 Wood Plastic Composite: Emerging Material for an Environmental Safety—A Review
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Literature Survey
7.2.1 Waste Recycling to Form Wood Plastic Composite (WPC)
7.2.2 Effect of Filler Addition on Wood Plastic Composite (WPC)
7.2.3 Effect of Filler Size on Wood Plastic Composite (WPC)
7.2.4 Effect of Processing Parameters on Wood Plastic Composite (WPC)
7.2.5 Effect of Various Coupling Agents on Wood Plastic Composite (WPC)
7.2.6 Effect of Various Additives on Wood Plastic Composite (WPC)
7.2.7 Effect of Various Treatments on Wood Plastic Composite (WPC)
7.2.8 FTIR Analysis of Wood Plastic Composite (WPC)
7.3 Conclusion
References
8 Selection of Heat Exchanger Based on Performance and Applications for Efficient Heat Transfer
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Some Applications of Common HEs
8.3 Techniques for Enhancing Heat Transfer
8.3.1 Passive Technique
8.3.2 Active Technique
8.4 Different Fin Configuration Design Effects on Thermal Performance
8.5 Fin Spacing Effects on Thermal Performance
8.6 Waffle Height Effects on Thermal Performance
8.6.1 Effect of Waffle Height and Thickness
8.6.2 Finned-Tube Pattern Effects
8.7 Finned-Tube’s Pattern Configuration Effects on Thermal Performance
8.8 Effects of Using Nanofluids and Twisted Tape Insert in HEs
8.9 Conclusions
References
9 Review on Conventional and Advanced Sliding Mode Control Schemes for Uncertain Dynamic System
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Conventional SMC
9.2.1 Classical SMC
9.2.2 PID-SMC
9.2.3 FOPID-SMC
9.2.4 Fuzzy FOPID-SMC
9.3 Advanced Fractional-Order Adaptive Fuzzy SMC
9.4 Conclusion
References
10 Modeling and Simulation of a Spiral Type Hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal (PV/T) Water Collector Using ANSYS
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Methodology
10.3 Model Description
10.4 Condition and Operating Parameters
10.5 Results and Discussion
10.6 Validation
10.7 Conclusions
References
11 Development of Correlation for Efficiency of Incineration Plants Using Deep Neural Network Model
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Methodology
11.2.1 Data Collection
11.2.2 Model Formulation
11.2.3 Model Description
11.3 Results and Discussion
11.4 Conclusion
References
12 Smart Grid Initiatives Towards Sustainable Development: Indian and Worldwide Scenario
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Smart Grid Framework: Policy Initiatives and Measures Undertaken (Indian Scenario)
12.3 Smart Grid Framework: Policy Initiatives and Measures Undertaken (Worldwide Scenario)
12.4 Conclusion
References
13 Development and Performance Analysis of Pine Needle Based Downdraft Gasifier System
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Experimental Setup
13.3 Results and Discussions
13.4 Conclusions
References
14 Indian Energy Scenario and Smart Grid Development
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Present Energy Scenario in India
14.3 Energy Policy-Making Institutional Framework in India
14.4 Smart Grid System Prospects in India
14.5 Future Outlook
References
15 Applications of Machine Learning in Harnessing of Renewable Energy
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Machine Learning
15.3 Machine Learning in Wind Energy
15.3.1 Application of ML in Wind Energy
15.4 Machine Learning in Geothermal Energy
15.4.1 Application of ML in Geothermal Field
15.5 Machine Learning in Solar Energy
15.6 Machine Learning in Wave Energy
15.6.1 Application of ML in Wave Energy
15.7 Conclusion
References
16 Optimization of Tilt Angles for Solar Devices to Gain Maximum Solar Energy in Indian Climate
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Methodology
16.2.1 Solar Radiation
16.3 Result and Discussion
16.4 Conclusion
References
17 A Novel Concept of ‘Parapet Farming’ Using ‘Living Chain’ Hanging System Integrated with Drip Irrigation Technique
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Urban Agriculture and Rooftop Farming
17.2.1 Existing Challenges
17.3 Concept of ‘Vertical Farming’/‘Vertical Gardening’
17.4 Our Concept
17.4.1 Experiment
17.4.2 Salient Features of the Project Establishing Its Uniqueness
17.4.3 Limitations
17.5 Future Scope and Conclusion
References
18 Implementation of Control Strategy for PV-Powered Switched Reluctance Motor Drive for Pumping Applications
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Framework of Proposed System
18.3 Control Strategies Implemented
18.3.1 MPPT Control Algorithm
18.3.2 Direct Torque Control
18.3.3 Bidirectional Power Flow Control
18.4 Proposed System Design
18.4.1 Solar PV Array
18.4.2 Boost Converter Design
18.4.3 Modelling and Design of SRM
18.5 Simulation Results
18.6 Epilogue
References
19 Experimental Investigation of Equilateral Triangle-Shaped Solar Air Heater with Two Blackened Absorber Surfaces
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Experimental Setup
19.3 Data Reduction
19.3.1 Data Reduction for Efficiency
19.4 Computational Domain and Meshing
19.5 Result and Discussion
19.6 CFD Results
19.7 Conclusion
References
20 Experimental Investigation, Exergy Analysis, and CFD Simulation of Solar Air Heater Roughened with Artificial V-Shaped Ribs on Absorber Surface Artificial Roughness on Absorber Plate
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Experimental Set up
20.3 Data Reduction
20.3.1 Efficiency Analysis
20.3.2 CFD Simulation
20.4 Result and Discussion
20.4.1 Experimental Result
20.4.2 CFD Results and Plots
20.5 Conclusion
References
21 Energy Generation and Management for Rural Areas of Rajasthan Through Solar Photovoltaic System
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Estimation of Daily Global Radiation at Horizontal Surface Methodology
21.3 Estimation of Daily Global Radiation at Tilted Surface Methodology
21.3.1 Average Daily Global Radiation at Tilted Surface
21.3.2 Calculation of Ht
21.4 Cost Estimation and Formulation of Model Equation
21.4.1 Cost Estimation
21.5 Result Analysis
21.6 System Estimation Design and Potential Estimation of Energy Source
21.6.1 Load Estimation and Module Design of Padla Village
21.7 Conclusions
References
22 Analyzing Effects of Camber and Its Position on Various Parameters in NACA Designated Aerofoil Blades Under Dynamic Similarity
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Methodology and Problem Setup
22.2.1 Mathematical Model
22.2.2 K-omega SST Model:
22.3 Results and Discussions
22.4 Conclusions
References
23 Design of Closed-Loop Control of a Three-Phase Sine Wave Inverter Using High Gain DC–DC Converter for Renewable Energy Applications
23.1 Introduction
23.2 System Configuration and Control Strategy
23.2.1 Configuration of Converter
23.2.2 Configuration of Inverter
23.3 Simulink Model of the Proposed System
23.3.1 Simulink Model of Converter
23.3.2 Simulink Model of Inverter
23.4 Observations
23.5 Conclusion
References
24 Effect of the Cool Roof on the Indoor Temperature in a Non-conditioned Building of Hot–Dry Climate
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Analysis
24.3 Results and Discussion
24.4 Conclusion
References
25 Comparison Analysis of Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques for a Solar Photovoltaic System
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Solar Photovoltaic System
25.3 Mathematical Modeling of Equations Involved in a PV System
25.4 Modeling of DC to DC Convertor
25.4.1 Modeling of Boost Converter in Simulink
25.5 MPPT Technique
25.5.1 Perturb and Observe MPPT Algorithm
25.5.2 Incremental Conductance Algorithm
25.6 Modeling and Simulation of P&O MPPT Controller
25.7 Modeling and Simulation of INC MPPT Controller
25.8 Result and Discussions
25.9 Conclusion
References
26 Effect on Solar PV Panel Performance Due to Varying Latitude in Northern Hemisphere
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Methodology
26.2.1 Simulation Software’s
26.3 Simulation Results
26.4 Seasonal Tilt Angle
26.5 Conclusion
References
27 Vibration Analysis of Rotating Machines: A Case Study
27.1 Introduction
27.2 FFT Analyzer
27.2.1 FFT Tools
27.2.2 FFT Terminology
27.2.3 Process
27.3 Case
27.4 Specifications
27.5 Observations
27.5.1 Overall Vibration Level
27.5.2 Spectra at Different Points
27.6 Results and Discussion
27.7 Conclusion
References
28 Estimation of Energy Generation and Daylight Availability for Optimum Solar Cell Packing Factor of Building Integrated Semitransparent Photovoltaic Skylight
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Method and Calculation
28.3 Result and Discussion
28.4 Conclusion
References
29 Optimal Design and Techno-Economic Analysis of a Microgrid for Community Load Applications
29.1 Introduction
29.2 Methodology Used for the Analysis
29.2.1 Locations and Weather Conditions of the Selected Site
29.2.2 Schematic Diagram of the Proposed System
29.2.3 Solar Array
29.2.4 Wind Turbine
29.2.5 Power Inverter
29.2.6 Utility Grid
29.2.7 Diesel Generator
29.3 Financial Matrices
29.4 Result and Discussions
29.4.1 Autonomous Mode of Operation
29.4.2 Grid-Connected Mode
29.4.3 Sensitivity Analysis
29.4.4 Optimum Sizing of the System
29.4.5 Future Scope
29.5 Conclusions
References
30 Effectiveness of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalyst on Biodiesel Yield: A Review
30.1 Introduction
30.2 Effect of Heterogeneous Catalyst on Transesterification
30.3 Effect of Homogeneous Catalyst on Transesterification
30.4 Conclusion
References
31 Experimental Analysis of a Generator Set Operating on Di Diesel Fuel and Ethanol Fumigation at Different Loads
31.1 Introduction
31.2 Materials and Methods
31.2.1 Engine Setup
31.2.2 Uncertainty Analysis
31.3 Engine Operation Conditions and Experimental Test Procedure
31.4 Results and Discussions
31.4.1 Total Specific Consumption
31.4.2 Global Thermal Efficiency
31.4.3 Exhaust Gas Temperature
31.4.4 Smoke Opacity
31.4.5 Carbon Monoxide Emissions
31.4.6 NOx Emissions
31.5 Conclusion
References
32 Optimizing the Yield of Biodiesel Made from Waste Soybean Oil by Varying the Temperatures and Volumetric Ratios of Oil and Methanol
32.1 Introduction
32.2 Transesterification Process
32.3 Types of Transesterification Process
32.3.1 Acid-Catalyzed Reactions
32.3.2 Base-Catalyzed Reactions
32.3.3 Lipase Based Reactions
32.3.4 Difference Between Esterification and Transesterification
32.4 Factors Influencing Biodiesel Production
32.4.1 The Molar Ratio of Oil and Alcohol
32.4.2 Effect of Temperature
32.4.3 Effect of Reaction Time
32.4.4 Effect of Catalyst Concentration
32.4.5 Free Fatty Acid and Moisture Content
32.5 Experimentation
32.5.1 Titration of Oil Sample
32.5.2 Process of Transesterification
32.5.3 Separation and Washing
32.6 Observation and Results
32.7 Conclusions
References
33 Smart Agricultural Robot with Real-Time Data Analysis Using IBM Watson Cloud Platform
33.1 Introduction
33.2 Objective
33.3 Related Work
33.4 Proposed Novel Methodology
33.5 Integrated Sensors of Agrobot
33.6 IBM Watson Cloud Platform
33.7 Agrobot Prototype
33.8 Results
33.8.1 Integrating Sensors to IBM Watson Platform
33.8.2 Real-Time Data Analysis on IBM Watson
33.8.3 Data Flow from Sensors to Database on Node Red Tool
33.8.4 Data Storage in Cloudant Database
33.8.5 Agro Chatbot Using Watson Assistant
33.9 Conclusion and Future Scope
References
34 SPWM Control Scheme for CHB-MLI with Minimal Voltage THD
34.1 Introduction
34.2 Five-Level CHB-MLI Topology
34.3 Modulation Schemes
34.3.1 PD Modulation
34.3.2 POD Modulation
34.3.3 APOD Modulation Scheme
34.4 Simulation Results
34.5 Conclusion
References
35 IoT Communication Technologies for Smart Farming—A Review
35.1 Introduction
35.2 Related Work
35.2.1 Long Range (LoRa)
35.2.2 Sigfox
35.2.3 NB-IoT
35.2.4 LTE-M
35.3 Comparison of Performance Parameters for a Suitable IoT Communication Technology
35.3.1 Battery Life
35.3.2 Latency
35.3.3 Quality of Service
35.3.4 Coverage and Range
35.3.5 Computational Cost
35.4 Conclusion
References
36 Recurrent Neural Network Analysis for Accurate Extrapolation of the Wind Velocity
36.1 Introduction
36.2 Observation and Site Details
36.3 Power Law
36.4 Results and Discussion
36.5 Conclusion
References
37 Roof Top Agriculture with Rainwater Harvesting and Smart Irrigation System
37.1 Introduction and Methodology
37.1.1 Prepared Rooftop Area
37.1.2 Soil Moisture Sensor (FC-28)
37.1.3 GSM Module (SIM 800A)
37.1.4 12 V SPDT Relay
37.1.5 12 V Water Pump
37.1.6 ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module
37.1.7 Two Selection Switches
37.2 Architecture and Working of Proposed System
37.3 Conclusion
References
38 A Delay-Sensitive Cyber-Physical System Framework for Smart Health Applications
38.1 Introduction
38.2 Literature Survey
38.3 Proposed Work or Methodology
38.3.1 Novel Similarity Measure-Based Random Forest
38.4 Performance Analysis
38.5 Conclusion and Future Work
References
39 Analyze and Identify Smart City Applications and Their Existing Frameworks
39.1 Introduction
39.2 Smart City Applications
39.2.1 Smart Parking
39.2.2 Smart Energy
39.2.3 Smart Education
39.2.4 Smart Health
39.2.5 Smart Tourism
39.2.6 Smart Water
39.2.7 Smart Waste
39.2.8 Smart Buildings
39.2.9 Smart Home
39.2.10 Smart Finance
39.2.11 Smart Retail
39.2.12 Smart Manufacturing
39.3 Smart City Architectures
39.3.1 Tier Architecture for Smart City
39.3.2 Message Queue Architecture
39.3.3 Microservice Architecture
39.3.4 Serverless Architecture
39.4 Comparison of the Different Smart City Application Development Architectures
39.5 Conclusion
References
40 Prevention of Intrusion Attacks via Deep Learning Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network in Smart Cities
40.1 Introduction
40.2 Literature Survey
40.3 Proposed Work
40.3.1 Comparison with Previous Works
40.4 Results and Discussion
40.5 Conclusion and Future Scope
References
41 Torque Ripple Reduction of a Solar PV-Based Brushless DC Motor Using Sliding Mode Control and H7 Topology
41.1 Introduction
41.2 Mathematical Modeling of BLDC Motor
41.3 Modeling of SMC for BLDC Performance Improvement
41.3.1 Power Losses Calculations
41.4 SMC and H7 Inverter Control Strategy for Speed, Torque Control, and Ripples Reduction
41.5 Results and Discussion
41.5.1 Case A: Constant Speed and Variable Torque Control of BLDC Motor
41.5.2 Case B: Constant Torque and Variable Speed Control of Solar PV-Based BLDC Motor
41.5.3 Case C: Variable Torque and Variable Speed Application of BLDC Motor
41.5.4 Case D: Application of BLDC Motor as Electrical Vehicle (EV) Load
41.6 Conclusion
Appendix
References
42 Density-Based Smart Traffic Light Control System for Emergency Vehicles
42.1 Introduction
42.2 Literature Review
42.3 Block Diagram
42.3.1 Specifications of Traffic Lights
42.3.2 Basic Prototype of Traffic Light System
42.4 Software Tool
42.5 Flowchart for Density-Based Vehicular System
42.6 Results and Discussion
42.7 Conclusion
References
43 Development of an Assessment Tool to Review Communication Technologies for Smart Grid in India
43.1 Introduction
43.2 Literature Review
43.3 Methodology
43.3.1 Assessment Approach
43.3.2 Algorithm
43.3.3 Flowchart
43.4 Assessment of Indian Smart Grid Pilots
43.4.1 Disclosures and Considerations
43.4.2 Assessment Results
43.4.3 Summary
43.5 Conclusions, Recommendations, and Future Directions
43.5.1 Conclusions
43.5.2 Recommendations
43.5.3 Future Directions
Appendix–1: Nomenclatures and Abbreviations
References
44 Simulation and Analysis of Building Integrated Photovoltaic System for Different Climate Zones in India
44.1 Introduction
44.1.1 Monocrystalline [11, 14]
44.1.2 Polycrystalline [14]
44.1.3 Thin film [14]
44.2 Methodology
44.2.1 PVsyst Software
44.3 Result and Discussion
44.3.1 Monthly Energy Variation Between Six Cities
44.4 Conclusion
References
45 CFD Analysis of Temperature Profile and Pattern Factor at the Exit of Swirl Dump Combustor
45.1 Introduction
45.2 Experimental Steps and Instrumentations
45.3 Calculations
45.4 Results and Discussion
45.5 Conclusions and Future Scope
References
46 Determining the Performance Characteristics of a White-Box Building Energy System Model and Evaluating the Energy Consumption
46.1 Introduction
46.2 Modelling Approach
46.3 Step Response of Building Energy System
46.4 Simulation Results
46.5 Conclusion
References
47 Battery Management System with Wireless Parameter Estimation in EV
47.1 Introduction
47.2 Battery Management System
47.2.1 CAN Communication
47.3 Wireless Battery Management System
47.4 Hardware Implementation
47.4.1 Battery Monitoring Module
47.4.2 Controller and Bluetooth Module
47.4.3 BMS Controller and Display Unit
47.5 Experimental Results
47.6 Conclusion
References
48 A Novel Cascaded ‘H’ Bridge-Based Multilevel Inverter with Reduced Losses and Minimum THD
48.1 Introduction
48.2 Novel CHB-Based MLI
48.2.1 Design and Working
48.2.2 Modulation Technique
48.2.3 Switching Losses
48.3 Simulation Results
48.4 Conclusion
References
49 Assessing Factors Influencing Supply Chain 4.0: A Case of Smart City Development
49.1 Introduction
49.2 Literature Review
49.2.1 Industry 4.0
49.2.2 Smart City
49.2.3 Supply Chain 4.0
49.3 Conclusion
References
50 Electrical Equivalent Model for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Useful in On-Board Applications
50.1 Introduction
50.2 Electrical Equivalent Model for PEM Fuel Cell
50.2.1 Prediction Steps
50.2.2 Correction Steps
50.3 Experimental Setup Description
50.4 Experimental Results and Analysis
50.5 Conclusion
References
51 Predicting Waste to Energy Potential and Estimating Number of Transfer Station Based on Indore Waste Management Model: A Case of Indian Smart Cities
51.1 Introduction
51.2 Literature Review
51.3 Methodology
51.3.1 Stage 1: Estimation of Waste to Energy Potential (Bio-CNG and Biogas)
51.3.2 Stage 2 Estimation of Number of Transfer Station
51.4 Result and Discussions
51.5 Conclusion
References
52 Analysis of Thermal Energy Storage Mediums for Solar Thermal Energy Applications
52.1 Introduction
52.1.1 Working Cycle of TES Systems
52.1.2 Classification of TES Systems
52.1.3 Work Methodology
52.2 General Selection Criteria for a TES System
52.2.1 Phase Change
52.2.2 Encapsulation of PCMs
52.3 Applications of TES in Solar Thermal Systems
52.3.1 Solar Air Heater (SAH)
52.3.2 Solar Water Heater (SWH)
52.3.3 Solar Dryers
52.3.4 Other Emerging Applications
52.4 Discussion and Future Development Scope
References
53 Application of Concrete Filled Steel Tubes in Solar Module Mounting Structure
53.1 Introduction
53.1.1 Tracking Mechanism
53.1.2 Solar Module Mounting Structure
53.1.3 Loads on the Solar Module Mounting Structure
53.1.4 Concrete Filled Steel Torque Tubes
53.2 Methodology
53.2.1 Computation of the Load
53.2.2 Structural Analysis Using STAAD PRO
53.2.3 Finite Element Analysis
53.3 Results
53.4 Conclusion
References
54 Reduction of Over Current and Over Voltage Under Fault Condition Using an Active SFCL with DG Units
54.1 Introduction
54.2 Theoretical Analysis of Active SFCL
54.2.1 Structure of Active SFCL
54.2.2 Operating Principle of Active SFCL
54.3 Distribution System with DG Units Using Active SFCL
54.4 Simulink Results
54.4.1 Simulation Results During Normal Condition (Without Fault)
54.4.2 Reducing of Over Voltage Characteristics of Active SFCL During Fault Condition
54.4.3 Active SFCL, Over Current Suppressing Characteristic
54.5 Conclusion
References
55 Mathematical Modeling of Air Heating Solar Collectors with Fuzzy Parameters
55.1 Introduction
55.2 Mathematical Model of Solar Air Heater
55.2.1 Basic Concepts
55.2.2 Mathematical Model
55.2.3 Theorem
55.3 Result and Discussion
55.4 Conclusion
References
56 Performance of Machine Learning Approaches for Malicious Traffic Intrusion Detection in Network
56.1 Introduction
56.2 Related Work
56.3 Experimental Work and Results
56.4 Result Analysis
56.5 Conclusion
References
57 Applications of Synchrophasors Technology in Smart Grid
57.1 Introduction
57.2 Synchrophasors Technology
57.3 Synchrophasors-Based Wide Area Monitoring System
57.3.1 Phasor Measurement Units
57.3.2 Sub/Local Phasor Data Concentrator
57.3.3 Communication Network
57.3.4 Super PDC
57.3.5 Synchrophasors Based Application or Tools
57.4 Synchrophasors Applications
57.4.1 Real-Time Control and Monitoring:
57.4.2 Situational Awareness Coordination
57.4.3 Analysis/Estimate Planners
57.5 Case Study NR of Indian Power Grid Using Synchrophasors Data
57.6 Conclusion
References
58 Numerical Analysis of Performance Parameters and Exhaust Gas Emission of the Engine with Regular Air Intake System and with Insulated Air Intake System
58.1 Introduction
58.1.1 Chemistry of Combustion in SI Engine
58.1.2 Heat Transfer and Cooling of SI Engine
58.2 Methodology
58.2.1 Computational Fluid Dynamics
58.3 Modeling
58.4 Result and Discussion
58.4.1 Effect of Engine Thermal Losses on Intake Air Temperature Using Non-insulated or Regular Air Intake System
58.4.2 Effect of Engine Thermal Losses on Intake Air Temperature Using Insulated Air Intake System
58.5 Conclusion
References
59 Investigation of AI Based MC-UPFC for Real Power Flow Control
59.1 Introduction
59.2 MC-UPFC Switching Control
59.3 Modeling of MC-UPFC in Power System
59.3.1 MC-UPFC in Two Bus System
59.4 Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC)
59.4.1 Implementation of PID Based FLC
59.4.2 Test Case-IEEE 14-Bus System with FLC Controller
59.5 Simulation and Results
59.6 Conclusion
59.7 Future Work
Appendix
References
60 Sizing and Performance Investigation of Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic System: A Case Study of MANIT Bhopal
60.1 Introduction
60.2 Energy Demand
60.3 Sizing of Solar PV System
60.3.1 Panel Generation Factor
60.3.2 Energy Generation from Solar PV Modules
60.3.3 Watt Peak Rating for PV Modules
60.4 System Designing
60.4.1 Number of Solar PV Modules Required
60.4.2 Number of Inverters Required
60.4.3 Solar PV Modules Arrangement
60.5 Performance Investigation
60.5.1 Energy Injected Into Grid
60.5.2 Performance Ratio (PR)
60.5.3 CO2 Emission Reduction
60.6 Life Cycle Evaluation of PV System
60.6.1 Energy Payback Period
60.6.2 Capacity Factor
60.7 Economic Analysis
60.8 Conclusion
References
61 Comparative Study and Trend Analysis of Regional Climate Models and Reanalysis Wind Speeds at Rameshwaram
61.1 Introduction
61.2 Data and Methods
61.2.1 Data
61.2.2 Methods
61.3 Results and Discussion
61.3.1 Validation
61.3.2 Cumulative Change and Temporal Trends of RCMs Wind Speeds
61.4 Conclusions
References
62 A Novel Islanding Detection Technique for Grid-Connected Distributed Generation Using KNN and SVM
62.1 Introduction
62.1.1 Islanding Detection Methods
62.2 Literature Survey
62.3 System Under Study
62.4 Proposed Islanding Detection Methodology
62.4.1 Data Acquisition
62.4.2 Data Pre-processing
62.4.3 Feature Extraction
62.4.4 Building Classification Model (Training Phase)
62.4.5 Testing Classification Model
62.5 Result and Discussion
62.6 Conclusion
62.7 Future Scope
References
63 A 150 kW Grid-Connected Roof Top Solar Energy System—Case Study
63.1 Introduction
63.2 PV Plant Location Information
63.3 Installed Plant Description
63.3.1 PV Modules
63.3.2 The Power Conditioning Units
63.3.3 Grid Connection
63.4 System Performance Analysis
63.4.1 Array Yield
63.4.2 Final Yield
63.4.3 Reference yield
63.4.4 PV Module Efficiency
63.4.5 System Efficiency
63.4.6 Performance Ratio (PR)
63.4.7 Capacity Utilization Factor (CUF)
63.4.8 PV Plant Losses
63.5 Cost of Energy for the PV Plant
63.6 Conclusion
References
64 Fuzzy SVM Classifier for Clothes Pattern Recognition
64.1 Introduction
64.2 Review of Literature
64.3 Functional Diagram and Methodolgy
64.3.1 Statistical Features Extraction (STA)
64.3.2 Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA)
64.3.3 Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT)
64.3.4 Discrete Wavelet Transforms (DWT)
64.3.5 Support Vector Machine (SVM)
64.4 System Description
64.5 Results and Discussions
64.5.1 Color Calculation
64.5.2 Detected Color (with Speaker)
64.5.3 Pattern Calculation
64.6 Conclusion
References
65 A Detailed Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Generation and Composition for Haridwar City, Uttrakhand, India
65.1 Introduction
65.2 Materials and Methods
65.2.1 Description of Study Area
65.2.2 Sampling Methodology
65.2.3 Sorting Procedure
65.3 Results and Discussion
65.3.1 Estimation of MSW Generation and Its Management
65.3.2 Composition of MSW
65.4 Conclusion
References
66 Techno-Economic Analysis of Piezoelectric-Based Smart Railway Tracks
66.1 Introduction
66.2 Piezoelectric Effect
66.2.1 Compression-Type Piezoelectric System
66.2.2 Cantilever-Type Piezoelectric System
66.3 Sensitivity Analysis
66.3.1 Sensitivity Analysis of ComPES
66.3.2 Sensitivity of CanPES
66.4 Economic Analysis
66.4.1 Cost Estimation of ComPES Array
66.5 Techno-economic Differences of Two PES
66.6 Conclusion
References
67 JDMaN: Just Defeat Misery at Nagging—A Smart Application for Women Protection
67.1 Introduction
67.2 Literature Survey
67.3 Existing System
67.4 Proposed Methodology
67.4.1 Software’s
67.4.2 Hardware Devices
67.4.3 Working
67.5 Conclusion and Future Work
References
68 Control of PM Synchronous Motor with Hybrid Speed Controller with Gain Scheduling for Electric Propulsion
68.1 Introduction
68.2 Electric Propulsion System
68.3 Hybrid Gain-Scheduled PI Speed Controller
68.3.1 Gain-Scheduled PI Controller
68.3.2 Hybrid Fuzzy PI Controller
68.3.3 Hybrid Speed Controller with Gain Scheduling
68.4 Results and Discussion
68.5 Conclusions
References
69 Study on Effect of Draft Tube Diffuser Shape on Performance of Francis Turbine
69.1 Introduction
69.2 Geometric Modelling and Simulation
69.3 Pre-processing and Domain Specifications
69.4 Boundary Conditions
69.5 Results and Discussion
69.6 Conclusions
References
70 Dehydration of Vegetables Through Waste Heat of Vapour Compression Refrigeration System
70.1 Introduction
70.2 Material and Method
70.3 Result and Discussion
70.4 Conclusion
References
71 Peak Power Impact from Electric Vehicle Charging
71.1 Introduction
71.2 Methodology
71.3 Overview of Different EV Segments and Their Charging
71.3.1 Electric Bus Charging
71.3.2 Electric Car Charging
71.3.3 Electric Three Wheelers
71.3.4 Electric Two Wheelers
71.4 Forecast Peak Demand from Different Vehicle Segments in FAME
71.5 Conclusion and Way Forward
References
72 Integration of Multiple Energy Sources for Hybrid Smart Street Light System
72.1 Introduction
72.2 Smart Street Light Charging System
72.2.1 Solar Energy System
72.2.2 Wind Energy System
72.2.3 Mobile Radiation Energy System
72.3 Intensity Control by Sensing Vehicle Movement
72.4 Hybrid Street Light Sun, Wind and Mobile Radiation
72.5 Conclusion
References
73 Improving Cold Flow Properties of Biodiesels Using Binary Biodiesel Blends
73.1 Introduction
73.2 Problems Due to Poor CFP
73.3 Material and Methodology
73.3.1 Material
73.3.2 Experimental
73.4 Results and Discussion
73.4.1 Blends of JB with Diesel
73.4.2 Binary Blends of JB with MB
73.4.3 Binary Blends of PB with MB
73.4.4 Blends of JB with Ethanol
73.4.5 Blends of JB with Kerosene
73.5 Finding
73.6 Conclusions
References
74 Dual-Axis Solar Tracking System
74.1 Introduction
74.2 Solar Tracking System
74.3 GPS Receiver
74.4 Solar Tracker Design
74.5 Electronic Control System
74.6 Result and Discussion
74.7 Conclusion
References
75 CFD Analysis of Air Distribution for Suitable Position of Evaporator in Cold Chamber
75.1 Introduction
75.2 Experimental Setup
75.2.1 Specification
75.2.2 CFD Approaches
75.3 Result and Analysis
75.4 Conclusion
References
76 Role of Supercapacitor for Increasing Driving Range of Electric Vehicles Under Indian Climatic Conditions
76.1 Introduction
76.2 Theoretical Description of Supercapacitor
76.3 Model of the Hybrid EESS
76.4 Calculation of Driving Range
76.5 Data Collection and Identification of Temperature Zones of India
76.6 Results and Discussion
76.6.1 Driving Pattern of EV
76.6.2 Power Required Based on Temperature
76.6.3 Effect of Ambient Temperature on the SC Power
76.6.4 Effect of Ambient Temperature on the SOC of SC
76.6.5 Estimation of Range with Respect to Temperature
76.7 Conclusions
References
77 Noise Vulnerability Assessment for Kota City
77.1 Introduction
77.2 Study Area and Research Methodology
77.3 Observations
77.4 Results and Discussion
77.4.1 Noise Vulnerability Assessment for Kota City at 78 dB(A)
77.4.2 Noise Vulnerability Assessment for Kota City at 80 dB(A)
77.5 Conclusion
References
78 Application of Global Sensitivity Analysis to Building Performance Simulations for Screening Influential Input Parameters in a Humid Coastal Climate
78.1 Introduction
78.2 Climate of the Study Location
78.3 Sensitivity Analysis
78.3.1 Morris Method of Screening
78.4 Methodology
78.4.1 Model Input Parameters
78.4.2 Sampling Strategy
78.4.3 Building Energy Simulation
78.4.4 Sensitivity Analysis and Ranking of Parameters
78.5 Results and Discussion
78.5.1 Analysis of Morris Screening Results
78.5.2 Scope for Further Work
78.6 Conclusion
References
79 Two Decades of Urban Growth in Kota City: The Urban Heat Island Study
79.1 Introduction
79.2 Study Area
79.3 Research Methodology and Data Used
79.3.1 Research Methodology
79.3.2 Data Used
79.4 Results and Discussion
79.4.1 Land Surface Temperature (LST)
79.4.2 Correlation Between Land Surface Temperature versus NDBI
79.5 Conclusion
References
80 Anomaly Detection Systems Using IP Flows: A Review
80.1 Introduction
80.1.1 Types of Intrusion Detection Systems
80.1.2 Detection Methods
80.1.3 Types of Data
80.2 Flow Collection Process and Tools
80.2.1 Tools Used in Flow Collection Process
80.2.2 Standard Protocols for Handling Flows/Flow-Based Formats
80.2.3 Flow Exporters
80.2.4 Flow Collector
80.3 Techniques Used in Flow-Based Anomaly Detection
80.3.1 Statistical Techniques
80.3.2 Data Mining and Machine Learning Techniques
80.3.3 Deep Learning Techniques
80.3.4 Ensemble Learning
80.3.5 Outlier Techniques
80.3.6 Other Techniques
80.3.7 Combination of Techniques
80.4 Discussion and Research Gaps
80.5 Conclusion and Future Work
References
81 Performance Analysis of 250 kWP Roof Top Grid-Connected Solar PV System Installed at MANIT Bhopal
81.1 Introduction
81.2 System Description
81.3 Performance Parameters
81.4 Results and Discussion
81.5 Conclusion
References
82 An Ensemble Model of Machine Learning for Primary Tumor Prognosis and Prediction
82.1 Introduction
82.2 Proposed Approach
82.2.1 Preprocessing
82.2.2 Data Visualization
82.2.3 Feature Scaling
82.2.4 Train-Test Split
82.2.5 Machine Learning Algorithm
82.3 Experimental Setup
82.4 Performance Metrics
82.5 Conclusion
References
83 Implementing Fog Computing for Detecting Primary Tumors Using Hybrid Approach of Data Mining
83.1 Introduction
83.1.1 Emerging Technologies in Healthcare
83.2 Proposed System
83.2.1 IoT Data Accummulating Layer
83.2.2 Fog Layer
83.2.3 Cloud Layer
83.3 Experimental Setup
83.4 Results
83.4.1 Parameters Used to Evaluate Prediction Efficiency Are as Follows
83.5 Conclusion
References
84 Analysis on Filter Circuits for Enhanced Transient Response of Buck Converters
84.1 Introduction
84.2 Working and Design of Buck Converter
84.3 Design of Filter Circuits for Buck Converter
84.4 Simulation Results and Analysis
84.5 Conclusion
References
85 The Cause and Control of Failure of Hydraulic Turbine Due to Cavitation: A Review
85.1 Introduction
85.1.1 Types of Cavitation in Hydraulic Turbine
85.1.2 Evaluation of Cavitation Coefficient
85.2 Detection of Cavitation Erosion
85.3 Methods for Prevention of Cavitation in Hydroturbine
85.3.1 Air Injection Method
85.3.2 Material Coating
85.3.3 Turbine Setting
85.4 Effect of Other Parameters on Cavitation Characteristic
85.5 Conclusions
References
86 Classification and Synthesis of Nanoparticles: A Review
86.1 Introduction
86.2 Classification
86.2.1 Nanoparticle Based on Origin
86.2.2 Organic Nanoparticles
86.2.3 Inorganic Nanoparticles
86.3 Properties of Nanoparticles
86.3.1 Melting Point
86.3.2 Band Gap
86.3.3 Mechanical Properties
86.3.4 Magnetic Properties
86.4 Application of Nanoparticles in Daily Life
86.4.1 Use of Nanotechnology in Food
86.4.2 Nanoparticle Use in the Electronics
86.4.3 Nanoparticles in the Medical Industry
86.4.4 Nanoparticles as Catalyst
86.5 Conclusion
References
87 Marble and Granite Slurry Reuses in Industries
87.1 Introduction
87.2 Applications Sector of Marble Slurry
87.2.1 Utilization of Marble Slurry in Cement Manufacturing
87.2.2 Utilization of Marble Slurry Dust (MSD) in Road Construction
87.2.3 For the Manufacturing of Concrete
87.2.4 Utilization of Marble Slurry in Brick Manufacturing
87.2.5 Manufacture of Ceramic Tiles
87.2.6 Manufacture of Thermoset Resin Composites
87.2.7 Manufacture of Lime
87.2.8 Manufacture of Activated Calcium Carbonate
87.2.9 Hollow Blocks and Wall Tiles
87.2.10 Water Management
87.2.11 Visualization on Latent Fingerprint
87.2.12 Ceramic Artwork
87.2.13 Rubber Industry
87.3 Conclusion
References
88 Experimental Investigation on Thermal Performance of Solar Air Collector Provided with Corrugated Absorber
88.1 Introduction
88.2 Materials and Methods
88.3 Results and Discussions
88.4 Conclusions
References
89 Noise Vulnerability Assessment at 78 dB (A) for Kota City
89.1 Introduction
89.2 Study Area and Research Methodology
89.3 Observations
89.4 Results and Discussion
89.5 Noise Vulnerability Assessment for Kota City at 78 dB (A)
89.6 Conclusion
References
Author Index