This edited volume is based on significant papers presented at The Sixth International Conference on Establishment Statistics (ICES-VI). In addition to providing broad introductions in specialized topic areas, the volume discusses a wide spectrum of new issues related to business statistics, its methods and collecting business data, including: new developments in business surveys (like non-probability sampling, developments in web surveys, adaptive business designs), statistical process control, use of alternative/secondary data sources like registers and big data, register methodology, Internet of Things possibilities (smart farming data, smart industries data), new computer technologies, consequences of globalization, and new indicators for the economy (like Sustainable Development Goals). Over the past few decades, methodologists around the world have worked actively on optimizing approaches for the development, conduct and evaluation of modern business programs. Furthermore, there are emerging data sources and new technologies, like big data, machine learning and advanced visualization, that are used in modern applications and are not discussed in other books, simply because they did not previously exist. Like the conference itself, the edited volume provides a broad overview of modern developments in collecting business data and producing business statistics. Both the conference and the resulting book summarizes the status quo of business statistics methods and serves as a proactive forum to prepare researchers to meet future challenges.