Advanced Research Methods in Psychology

✍ Scribed by David Giles

• Publisher: Routledge
• Year: 2002
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 371
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

How do you perform a MANOVA? What is grounded theory? How do you draw up a repertory grid? These, and many other questions are addressed in this wide-ranging handbook of methods and analytic techniques which uniquely covers both quantitative and qualitative methods.
Based on a broad survey of undergraduate curricula, the book takes curious readers through all of the methods that are taught on psychology courses worldwide, from advanced ANOVA statistics through regression models to test construction, qualitative research and other more unusual techniques such as Q methodology, meta-analysis and log-linear analysis. Each technique is illustrated by recent examples from the literature. There are also chapters on ethics, significance testing, and writing for publication and research proposals.
Advanced Research Methods in Psychology will provide an invaluable resource for advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers who need a readable, contemporary and eclectic reference of advanced methods currently in use in psychological research.

✦ Table of Contents

Advanced Research Methods in Psychology
Copyright
Contents
List of figures
List of tables
Preface
1 Introduction
Part I Beyond ANOVA
2 Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
Worked example of a one-way ANOVA with a single covariate
Data screening
ANCOVA using more than one covariate
Worked example of ANCOVA with more than one covariate
Two examples of ANCOVA from the psychological literature
Alternatives to ANCOVA
Summary
3 Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA)
Data screening
Worked example of a 3 x 2 MANOVA with three dependent variables and three covariates
MANOVA with one IV and three DVs
Univariate tests of significance
Post hoc and a priori comparisons
MANOVA with two IVs and three DVs
MANCOVA with one IV, three D Vs and three covariates
Split-plot 3 x 2 MANOVA with three dependent measures
Two examples of MANOVA from the psychological literature
Summary
4 Discriminant function analysis
Questions to be answered by discriminant function analysis
A worked example of discriminant function analysis
Testing significance
Interpreting the functions
Classification analysis
Other features of discriminant function analysis
Example of discriminant function analysis from the psychological literature
Summary
Part II Measures of relationship: regression techniques
5 Multiple regression
Partial correlation
The multiple regression equation
Different types of regression model
Data screening
Worked example of hierarchical multiple regression
Performing the analysis using computer software
Interpreting the output
Model validation
An example of multiple regression from the literature
Multivariate regression
Summary
6 Logistic regression
Essential features of logistic regression
Worked example of logistic regression
Two examples of logistic regression from the psychological literature
Summary
7 Structural equation modelling
Terminology
Basic concepts in structural equation modelling
Example from the literature o f a study using EQS
Example from the literature of a study using path analysis
Problems with structural equation modelling
Alternatives to structural equation modelling
Summary
Part III Questionnaires and scales
Survey design
8 Scale design and construction
Varieties of tests, scales and questionnaires
Constructing a scale
Creating an item pool
Example of a test specification
Writing items
Poor questionnaire/scale items
Organisation and layout of questionnaire
Piloting and item analysis
Measures of reliability and validity
An example from the literature
Summary
9 Factor analysis
Exploratory factor analysis
Steps in principal components analysis
Other forms of exploratory factor analysis
Factor selection
Factor rotation
Different types of rotation
Interpreting the computer output
Example of exploratory factor analysis from the literature
Some issues in factor analysis
Confirmatory factor analysis
Example of confirmatory factor analysis from the literature
Summary
10 Other techniques for data reduction
Cluster analysis
Hierarchical clustering techniques
Average linkage cluster analysis
Example from the literature of hierarchical cluster analysis
Multidimensional scaling
Calculations in multidimensional scaling
Evaluating the MDS solution
Canonical correlation
Example of canonical correlation from the literature
Summary
Part IV Qualitative methods
11 Qualitative research in psychology
Arguments for using qualitative research in psychology
The use of qualitative research in psychology
Summary
12 Grounded theory
Background to grounded theory
How to perform a grounded theory analysis
Data collection
Initial analysis
Secondary analysis
Final analysis
Writing the grounded theory report
Examples of grounded theory from the psychological literature
Debates and developments in grounded theory
Departures from traditional grounded theory
Summary
13 Discourse analysis
Ideas behind discourse analysis in psychology
Implications for psychological theory
Steps in conducting discourse analysis
Identifying and collecting data
Transcription conventions
Analytical techniques
Two examples of discourse analysis from the psychological literature
Some debates in discourse analysis
Relation between discourse analysis and grounded theory
Summary
14 Other qualitative approaches
Qualitative content analysis
Conversation analysis
Ethnography
Locating the field
Data collection
An example of ethnographic research with relevance to psychology
Idiographic approaches
Interpretative phenomenological analysis
Narrative psychology
Broad approaches
Action research
Feminist research
Summary
15 Reporting and evaluating qualitative research
Writing the qualitative report
Criteria for evaluating qualitative research
Summary
Part V Other approaches
16 Content analysis and log-linear models
Content analysis
An example of content analysis from the psychological literature
Log-linear analysis
Underlying principles
Other issues in log-linear analysis
Two examples using log-linear analysis from the psychological literature
Summary
17 Q methodology
Q methodology: the basic idea
The Q-sort: a worked example
The European ‘dialect’ of Q methodology
The North American ‘dialect’ of Q methodology
Summary
18 Meta-analysis
What does meta-analysis allow us to do?
Worked example of a meta-analysis
Carrying out the full analysis
Examples of meta-analysis from the psychological literature
Problems with meta-analysis
Summary
19 Self-generated data
The diary method in psychological research
Repertory grid technique
Constructing a repertory grid
Analysing the grid
The individual grid: an example from the clinical literature
Comparisons using grids
Other methods using self-generated data
Summary
Part VI Uses and abuses of research
20 Ethical issues in psychological research
Introduction
Deception
Protection of participants
Informed consent
Right to privacy
Honesty
Summary
21 Issues in design and statistics
Introduction
Null hypothesis significance testing (NHST): a matter for confusion
Problems with NHST
What is the null hypothesis anyway?
Use of p values
Alternatives to NHST
Power calculations
Confidence intervals
Arguments against alternatives to NHST
Guidelines proposed by the APA Task Force on Statistical Inference
Summary
22 Writing for publication
Introduction
The review process
Selecting an appropriate outlet
Preparing the manuscript
Tips and hints
Books
Some thoughts on the review process
Summary
23 Writing research grant proposals
Introduction
What funds, where?
Types o f funding
Funding bodies
Applying fo r funding
The review process
Writing the grant proposal
Some tips on writing grant proposals
Summary
Appendices 1 & 2
References
Index