Advanced Nanocarbon Materials

✍ Scribed by Sarika Verma (editor), Raju Khan (editor), Avanish Kumar Srivastava (editor)

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 209
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book provides a well-focused and comprehensive overview of the history and background of nanocarbon based materials like carbon nanotubes, graphene, and fullerenes. It discusses their structure, synthesis, properties and modifications for making various advanced materials. The authors focus on their use in the health care sector as therapeutic agents in pharmacy and medicine, in diagnosis and analysis in pharmacy and medicine, as biosensors, gene and drug delivery, cancer therapy, biosensing and bioimaging, go-based antibacterial materials, and as a promising antioxidant and GO-based scaffold for cell culture. The authors also showcase the application potential of advanced nanocarbon based materials by examining the biomedical applications developed via novel advanced designing, in which the technologies will be adopted and the end users can be benefited. Finally the authors discuss the increasing research on carbon based materials, along with the challenges they are currently facing along with possible solutions that may result in the availability of the accessible, reliable and cost-efficient technology. The potential user for this book may be medical practitioners, biologists, pharmacists, and chemists.This book covers in-depth knowledge of processing parameters for making nanocarbon based material for high end applications in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Editor Bioraphies
Contributors
Chapter 1 Carbon Nanotube (CNT)-Mediated Functional Restoration of Human Tissue and Organs
1.1 Synthesis Of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Scaffolds
1.2 Scaffolds And Organ Regeneration
1.3 Role of CNTs in Heart Regeneration
1.4 Role of CNTs in Bone Regeneration
1.5 Role of CNTs in Nerve Regeneration
1.6 Role of CNT in Skin Regeneration and Wound Healing
1.7 Conclusion
1.8 References
Chapter 2 Advanced Nanocarbon Materials: An Introduction to Their History and Background
2.1 Introduction
2.2 First-generation Carbon Nanomaterials
2.2.1 Fullerene (C60) and Its By-products
2.2.2 Carbon Nanotubes
2.2.3 Graphene
2.3 Second-generation Carbon Nanomaterials
2.3.1 Functional Nanotube Polymer Nanocomposites
2.3.2 Functional Graphene Polymer Nanocomposites
2.3.3 Functionalized Graphene and CNT With Other Nanoparticles
2.4 Third-generation Nanocarbon Materials
2.4.1 Polymer–nanocarbon Hybrid Nanomaterials
2.4.2 Nanocarbon-nanocarbon Hybrid Nanomaterials
2.4.3 Other Nanoparticle-nanocarbon Hybrid Nanomaterials
2.5 References
Chapter 3 Carbon Dots: Structure, Synthesis, Properties, and Advanced Health Care Applications
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Structure
3.3 Synthesis
3.3.1 Top-down Synthesis
3.3.1.1 Laser Ablation
3.3.1.2 Arc Discharge
3.3.1.3 Electrochemical Carbonization
3.3.1.4 Acid-oxidizing Exfoliation
3.3.2 Bottom-up Synthesis
3.3.2.1 Microwave Irradiation
3.3.2.2 Hydrothermal Method/Solvothermal Treatment
3.3.2.3 Pyrolysis
3.3.2.4 Oil Bath Method
3.3.2.5 Microreactor Method
3.4 Properties of CDs
3.4.1 Physicochemical Properties
3.4.2 Optical Properties
3.4.3 Electronic Properties
3.4.4 Biological Properties
3.5 Advanced Health Care Applications of CDs
3.5.1 Antimicrobial Agents
3.5.2 Antifungal Agents
3.5.3 Antiviral Agents
3.5.4 Theranostic
3.5.5 Drug Delivery
3.5.6 Gene Therapy
3.5.7 Detection of Drugs
3.5.8 Food Quality and Safety
3.5.9 Bioimaging
3.5.10 Biosensing
3.6 Conclusions
3.7 References
Chapter 4 Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Properties, and Modifications
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Synthesis of CNTs
4.2.1 Chemical Vapor Deposition
4.2.2 Electric Arc Method
4.2.3 Laser deposition
4.3 Purification
4.4 Properties
4.4.1 Electrical and Transport Properties
4.4.2 Mechanical Properties
4.4.3 Thermal Properties
4.4.4 Vibrational Properties
4.4.5 Elastic Properties
4.5 Modification
4.6 References
Chapter 5 Graphene Nanoribbons, Fabrication, Properties, and Biomedical Applications
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Types of GNRs
5.3 Properties of Graphene Nanoribbons
5.4 Synthesis of Graphene Nanoribbons
5.4.1 Top-down Methods
5.4.1.1 Unzipping of Nanotubes
5.4.1.2 Lithographic Patterning
5.4.1.3 Sonochemical Cutting
5.4.2 Bottom-up Fabrication of Graphene Nanoribbons
5.4.2.1 Solution-based Synthetic Approaches
5.4.2.2 On-the-surface Synthesis
5.5 Mechanism
5.6 Characterization of GNRs
5.7 Functionalization of GNRs
5.8 Biomedical Applications of GNRs
5.8.1 Biosensing
5.8.1.1 GNR-based Biosensors in Biomarker Detection
5.8.1.2 GNR-based Sensors in the Detection of Drugs
5.8.1.3 Detection of Toxic Substances
5.8.2 GNR Applications in Gene Delivery
5.8.3 Application of GNRs in Drug Delivery and Anticancer Activity
5.8.4 Application of GNRs in Photothermal Therapy
5.8.5 Application of GNRs in Antibacterial Activity
5.8.6 Application of GNRs in Bone Regeneration and Locomotor Function Recovery
5.8.7 Other Applications
5.9 Future Prospects and Conclusion
5.10 References
Chapter 6 Biobased Nano Materials (Plant-based for Green Materials) Synthesis, Properties and Their Application in Biomedical Science
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Mechanisms of Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles
6.3 Biological Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Plants
6.3.1 Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs)
6.3.2 Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs)
6.3.3 Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs)
6.3.4 Magnetite Nanoparticles
6.4 Biosynthesis of NPs by Microorganisms Takes Place by Two Different Mechanisms
6.4.1 Bioreduction
6.4.2 Biosorption
6.5 Applications of Plant-mediated Nanoparticles
6.5.1 Application in Vaccine Delivery against Coronaviruses (COVs)
6.5.2 Drug Delivery
6.5.3 Antibacterial Agents
6.5.4 Biosensors
6.5.5 Biocatalytic Agents
6.5.6 Magnetic Separation and Detection
6.6 Conclusion
6.7 References
Chapter 7 Advantages of Advanced Carbon‐Based Nanomaterials in Medical and Pharmaceuticals
7.1 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials: An Overview
7.2 Application of Carbon-based Nanomaterials
7.3 Carbon-based Nanomaterials in Diagnostics
7.4 Carbon-based Nanomaterials in Medicine
7.5 Other Medical and Biomedical Applications
7.6 Toxicity of Carbon-based Nanomaterials
7.7 Future Directions
7.8 Summary
7.9 References
Chapter 8 Carbon Nanotubes/Graphene-Based Chemiresistive Biosensors
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Chemiresistive Biosensors
8.3 Graphene and CNTs: Significance and Synthesis
8.3.1 Significance
8.3.2 Synthesis
8.4 Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene for Chemiresistive Biosensors
8.4.1 CNT-based Biosensors
8.4.2 Graphene-based Biosensors
8.5 Summary
References
Chapter 9 Green Synthesis of Graphene and Graphene Oxide and Their Use as Antimicrobial Agents
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Graphene and Graphene Oxide Characteristics and Properties
9.3 Traditional Synthesis of Graphene and Graphene Oxide Nanomaterials
9.3.1 Mechanical or Chemical Exfoliation
9.3.2 Epitaxial Growth
9.3.3 Chemical Vapor Deposition
9.3.4 Chemical Methods
9.4 Green Approaches to Graphene and Graphene Oxide Materials
9.4.1 Green Synthesis Mediated by Plant Extracts
9.4.2 Green Synthesis Mediated by Proteins
9.4.3 Green Synthesis Mediated by Microorganisms
9.5 Antimicrobial Applications of Graphene and Graphene Oxide Nanomaterials
9.6 Conclusions
9.7 References
Chapter 10 A Review on Fullerenes and its Applications in Health Care Sector
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Fullerene Formation Theories
10.2.1 Pyrometamorphism Model of C60
10.2.2 Biogenic Formation Models
10.3 Sites of Naturally Occurring Fullerene
10.3.1 Sheep Mountain, Colorado, USA
10.3.2 Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Sediments
10.3.3 Decan-Anjar, Kutch, India
10.3.4 Yunnan, Southern China
10.3.5 Kondopoga, Karelia, Russia
10.3.6 Permo-Triassic (P/T) boundary-Inuyama, Central Japan
10.3.7 Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic
10.3.8 Ries Impact Crater, Bavaria, Germany
10.3.9 Mangampeta Baryte Mine, Andhra Pradesh, India
10.3.10 Llobregat River, Spain
10.3.11 Riyadh, Yanbu’ Al-Bahr, Jubail, Ad Diriya, Saudi Arabia
10.3.12 Soil collections from Amsterdam, the Netherlands
10.3.13 Sava River, Southern Europe
10.4 Applications of Fullerenes in Health Care
10.5 Conclusion
10.6 References
Index