Advanced Drug Delivery: Methods and Applications (Studies in Mechanobiology, Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, 26)

✍ Scribed by Tuhin Subhra Santra (editor), Ashwini Uma Surendra Shinde (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2023
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 368
• Edition: 1st ed. 2023
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book provides an overview of various drug delivery systems at the cellular level including biological, chemical methods, and most importantly physical methods such as photoporation, electroporation, mechanoporation, and device-based techniques (e.g., microfluidics), as well as organism-level techniques including nanomaterials, biomaterials, and transdermal. Drug delivery (DD) can be defined as the method and route by which an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is administered to promote its desired pharmacological effect and/or convenience and/or to reduce adverse effects. Drug delivery systems are developed to maximize drug efficacy and minimize side effects. As drug delivery technologies improve, the drug becomes safer and more comfortable for patients to use. During the last seven decades, extraordinary progress has been made in drug delivery technologies, such as systems for long-term delivery for months and years, localized delivery, and targeted delivery. The advances, however, will face the next phase considering the future technologies that we need to overcome many physicochemical barriers for new formulation development and biological unknowns for treating various diseases. Thus, various technologies are built at a single-cell level as well as an organism level. This book is useful at the university level for graduate courses or research studies and biotechnology-based companies with research and development on cell-based analysis, diagnosis, or drug screening. This book is also very useful for researchers in drug delivery technologies, which came in frontier research for the past decade.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
Biological Methods for Drug Delivery
1 Introduction
2 Biological Barriers to Drug Delivery
3 Biological Methods for Drug Delivery
3.1 Endogenous Cell Membranes Vectors
3.2 Exogenous Substances: Viruses, VLPs and Virosomes
3.3 Extracellular Vesicles
4 BNPs Production Methods
4.1 Synthesis of Cell Membrane-Based BNPs
4.2 Synthesis of Exogenous Substances (Viruses, VLPs and Virosomes) Based BNPs
4.3 Synthesis of Extracellular Vesicles-Based BNPs
5 Clinical Trials of Biomimetic Nanoparticles
6 Challenges and Future Directions
7 Conclusion
References
Liposome-Based Drug Delivery—A New Therapeutic Paradigm
1 Introduction
2 Synthesis Techniques
2.1 Physical Methods
2.2 Chemical Methods
2.3 Characterization of Synthesized Liposomes
3 Infectious Diseases
3.1 Overview of Liposomal Drug Delivery for Infectious Diseases
3.2 Recent Technologies and Advances with Liposomal Drug Delivery
4 Mycobacterial Infections
4.1 Overview of Mycobacterial Infections
4.2 Clinical Studies on Liposomal Drug Delivery for Mycobacterial Infectious
5 Anticancer Drug Delivery
5.1 Overview of Anticancer Drug Delivery
5.2 Examples of Anticancer Drugs Used in Targeted Liposomal Drug Delivery
5.3 Challenges of Liposomal Delivery of Anticancer Drugs
5.4 Future Directions of Research on Liposomal Targeted Drug Delivery of Anticancer Drugs
6 Lung Specific Drug Delivery
7 Future Prospects
8 Conclusion
References
Multifunctional Liposomes to Attain Targeting, Stimuli Sensitive Drug Release and Imaging Cancer
1 Introduction
2 Structure of Liposomes
3 Liposomes in Cancer
4 Methods for the Preparation of Liposomes
4.1 Thin Film Hydration Process
4.2 Solvent Injection Process
4.3 Reverse Phase Evaporation Method
4.4 Detergent Removal Method
4.5 Size Reduction Method
5 Marketed Liposomal Formulation
6 Dual or Multi Drug Loaded Liposomes
7 Prolongation of Systemic Circulation of Liposomes
8 Strategies for Targeting Liposomes
9 Stimuli Sensitive Drug Delivery by Liposomes
10 Imaging of Cancer Using Liposomes
11 Cell Penetrating Liposomes
12 Multifunctional Liposomes
13 Clinical Trials Using Liposomal Formulations
14 Applications of Liposomes in Healthcare
15 Conclusion
References
Electroporation-Based Drug Delivery
1 Introduction
2 Mechanisms
3 Bulk Electroporation (BEP)
4 Single-Cell Electroporation (SCEP)
5 Localized Single-Cell Electroporation (LSCEP)
6 Clinical Trials
7 Pros and Cons of Electroporation
8 Concluding Remarks and Future Aspect
References
Mechanoporation-Based Drug Delivery
1 Introduction
2 Basic Mechanism
3 Different Methods of Mechanoporation
4 Device Fabrication
5 Advantages of Mechanoporation
6 Drawbacks of Mechanoporation
7 Conclusions
References
Thermoporation Based Drug Delivery Systems
1 Introduction
2 Mechanism of Thermoporation
3 Applications of Thermoporation
3.1 Use of Thermal Membrane Disruption for Cell Poration
3.2 Use of Thermal Membrane Disruption for Cell Fusion
3.3 Delivery of Large Cargo into Cells Using Thermal Membrane Disruption
4 Photothermal Therapy for Drug Delivery
4.1 Photoporation Assisted Intracellular Delivery Using Titanium Oxide Nanotubes
4.2 Cargo Delivery in Mammalian Cells Using Infrared Light Pulses
5 Disadvantages of Thermoporation and Photothermal Therapy
6 Future Applications
7 Conclusion
References
Microinjection-Based Drug Delivery
1 Introduction
2 Brief History of Microinjection
3 Basic Mechanism of Microinjection
3.1 Types of Host Cells
3.2 Basic Injection Procedure
3.3 Microfluidic, Semi-automated and Automated Systems for Microinjection
4 Microinjection (via Microneedles) as Drug Delivery Systems
4.1 Microinjection of Sperm for Treatment of Infertility
4.2 Gene Therapy Using Microinjection and Microneedles
5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Microinjection
6 Conclusions
References
Magnetic Nanoparticles for Advanced Drug Delivery
1 Introduction—Theranostic, “Smart” Nanoparticles
2 “Biomimicry” Inspired Designs of Nanodelivery Systems
3 Magnetic Nanoparticles Are Subject to Endocytosis in Terms of Non-specific Uptake
4 Magnetic Nanoparticles Can Be Made in a Variety of Sizes and Shapes
5 Magnetic Field Effects on Magnetic Nanoparticles
6 Importance of Using “Green Chemistry” to Manufacture Magnetic Nanoparticles
7 Why These Nanoparticles Should Be Superparamagnetic for In-Vivo Drug Delivery
8 Roadmap for Design of These Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery
9 The Importance of Multistep Targeting of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery
10 Electrostatics of Magnetic Nanoparticles Will Dominate Nanoparticle-Cell Interactions
11 Low Nanotoxicity of These Magnetic Nanoparticles
12 Biocoatings Can Mask Nanotoxicity of Nanoparticles
13 Tethered Gene Expression on Magnetic Nanoparticles
14 Use of Magnetic Fields to Interact with Magnetic Nanoparticles
15 What Is “Magnetoporation” or “Magnetofection”?
16 Magnetoporation of Drugs into Single Cells
17 Magnetofection of Molecules to Cells In-Vivo
18 Magnetic Nanoparticles Are Useful for Simultaneous Non-invasive Imaging
19 Conclusions and Summary
References
Microfluidic Diagnostics and Drug-Delivery Platforms for the Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Bacterial Diseases
1 Introduction to Bacterial Diseases
2 Microfluidics in Drug Delivery
2.1 Physical Principles of Microfluidics
2.2 Microfluidic Applications in Drug Delivery
3 Microfluidic Diagnostics and Drug Delivery for Bacterial Diseases
3.1 Optical Sensing/Imaging Platforms
3.2 Point-of-Care Testing Platforms
3.3 High-Throughput Platforms
3.4 Gut-on-a Chip
4 Summary and Future Perspectives
References
Cytokine Response to Nanoparticles Bearing Nucleic Acid Cargo
1 Introduction
2 Nanoparticle-Based Nucleic Acid Delivery Systems
2.1 Peptides and Proteins
2.2 Dendrimer
2.3 Liposomes and Lipid Nanoparticles (LNPs)
2.4 Polymeric Systems
2.5 Limitations of Delivery Systems
3 Prediction of Immune Response
3.1 Investigation of Cytokine Release
3.2 Factors Influencing Cytokine Response
4 Management of Cytokine Response Against Viral and Non-viral Gene Delivery Systems
4.1 Antibody-Based Inhibitors
4.2 Kinase Inhibitors
4.3 Corticosteroids (CCS)
4.4 Protein-Based Inhibitors
5 New Approaches to Specific Manipulation of Cytokines with Nucleic Acid Technologies
5.1 Inflammatory Disorders
5.2 Neurological Disorders
5.3 Gastrointestinal Disorders
5.4 Pulmonary Disorders
5.5 Fibrotic Disorders
5.6 Ocular and Kidney Disorders
5.7 Cancer Therapy
6 Conclusions and Perspectives
References
Controlled Drug Delivery System
1 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Significance of Controlled Drug Delivery Systems
2 Fundamentals of Controlled Drug Delivery
2.1 Principles of Drug Delivery
2.2 Factors Influencing Drug Delivery
2.3 Challenges in Conventional Drug Delivery
2.4 Advantages of Controlled Drug Delivery Systems
3 Sustained-Release Systems
3.1 Matrix Systems
3.2 Reservoir Systems
4 Stimuli-Responsive Systems
4.1 pH-Responsive Systems
4.2 Temperature-Responsive Systems
4.3 Enzyme-Responsive Systems
5 Targeted Delivery Systems
5.1 Active Targeting Strategies
5.2 Passive Targeting Strategies
5.3 Combination Targeting Approaches
6 Advances in Controlled Drug Delivery
6.1 Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery
6.2 Biomaterials and Drug Delivery
6.3 Emerging Technologies and Future Trends
7 Regulatory Considerations and Clinical Applications
7.1 Safety and Toxicity Assessments
7.2 Regulatory Guidelines for Controlled Drug Delivery Systems
7.3 Clinical Applications and Case Studies
8 Challenges and Future Directions
8.1 Stability and Long-Term Release
8.2 Scale-Up and Manufacturing Challenges
8.3 Personalized Medicine and Precision Drug Delivery
8.4 Integration of Theranostic Approaches
9 Conclusion
9.1 Summary of Key Points
9.2 Challenges and Future Directions
References
Biomaterials in Drug Delivery Systems
1 Introduction
2 Mechanism of Biomaterial in Drug Delivery System
2.1 Stimuli-Responsive
2.2 Nanomaterial-Induced Endothelial Leakiness
2.3 Active Targeting with Specific Antibodies or Other Ligands
2.4 Passive Targeting
3 Classification of Biomaterial Used in Drug Delivery
3.1 Naturally Extracted
3.2 Synthetically Driven
4 Preparation of Polymer
4.1 In Situ Forming Polymeric Systems for Oral Administration
4.2 Ocular Delivery
4.3 Rectal and Vaginal Delivery
4.4 Nasal Drug
5 Application of Biomaterial in Drug Delivery
5.1 Cancer
5.2 Neurodegenerative Disorder
5.3 Buccal Disease
5.4 Gastrointestinal Disease
6 Evolution of Biomaterial
7 Advantages and Disadvantages
8 Conclusion
References
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems
1 Introduction
2 Advantages and Disadvantages of TDDSs
3 The Skin
3.1 Epidermis
3.2 Dermis
3.3 Hypodermis
4 Permeation Routes via the Skin for Various Drugs
4.1 Trans-follicular Pathway
4.2 Trans-cellular Pathway
4.3 Inter-cellular Pathway
5 Drug Permeation Through the Skin
6 Permeation Enhancers
6.1 Chemical Modifiers
6.2 Physical Modifiers
6.3 Biochemical Modifiers
7 Factors That Influence the Transdermal Delivery
7.1 Physicochemical Factor
7.2 Biological Factor
7.3 Formulation Factor
7.4 Components of TDDS
8 Types of TDDS
8.1 Drug in Adhesive Type
8.2 Multi Laminate Type
8.3 Matrix Type
8.4 Reservoir Type
8.5 Vapour Patch
8.6 Microreservoir System
9 Evaluation Parameters of TDDS
9.1 Physicochemical Assessment
9.2 In-vitro Evaluations
9.3 In-vivo Evaluations
10 Marketed Formulations and Therapeutics Application of TDDS
11 Recent Technological Advancements
11.1 Iontophoresis
11.2 Sonophoresis
11.3 Electroporation
11.4 Waves of the Photomechanical Process
11.5 Microneedle
11.6 TDDS with the Utilisation of Chemical Enhancers (Passive Delivery)
11.7 Polymeric Nanoparticles
11.8 Nano Emulsion
12 Clinical Trials Using Transdermal Delivery System
13 Future Prospective
14 Conclusions
References