Advanced Composites

✍ Scribed by Ikhmayies S.J. (ed.)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2024
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 665
• Series: Advances in Material Research and Technology
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book presents a comprehensive collection of reviews and experimental research findings in the realm of composite materials. It explores manufacturing technologies and applications, as well as recent breakthroughs in nanomaterial-based composites, polymer-based composites, titanium matrix composites (TMCs), conducting polymers, natural polymers, graphene polymers, graphene composites, and organosulfur polymeric composites, alongside reinforced aluminum matrix composites. The mechanical and tribological aspects take center stage, with a focus on aluminum alloy composites as a superior alternative to traditional gear materials. The book also addresses cutting-edge composite materials developed for drug removal via adsorption techniques, radiation shielding, and their use as shielding absorbers for ionizing radiation. Furthermore, the significance of electrical contact materials and their performance is explored. The book unveils fabrication methods, sample preparation techniques, properties, and various applications of these remarkable composites. Topics range from additive manufacturing to solid-phase extraction and solid-phase microextraction utilizing diverse composites as adsorbents. Additionally, the inverse vulcanization process, a novel technique involving the copolymerization of elemental sulfur with different monomers based on their resource origins, is discussed. Technologies such as powder metallurgy (PM), mechanical alloying (MA), self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS), and rapid solidification processing (RSP) are described. The book further delves into the preparation techniques of zeolite using both conventional and advanced methods, along with the synthesis of various zeolite-based composites, particularly their application in environmental remediation. The book culminates with a summary of analysis and modeling techniques used in composite materials, including those employed in ballistic applications.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half Title
Advances in Material Research and Technology Series
Advanced Composites
Copyright
Preface
Contents
Classification and Application of Advanced Composite Materials
1. Introduction
1.1 Merits of Composite Materials
1.2 Disadvantages and Limitations of Composite Materials
2. Classification of Advanced Composite Materials
2.1 Classification Based on Matrix
2.2 Classification Based on Reinforcement
2.3 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)-Based Nanocomposites
3. Fabrication and Characterization of Advanced Composite Materials
3.1 Fabrication Technique
3.2 Fabrication Methods of Nanocomposites Materials
3.3 Fabrication of Polyaniline Nanocomposites Containing ZnO Nanorods
3.4 Fabrication of Chitosan–Polyaniline–Copper (II) Oxide Hybrid Composite
4. Applications of Matrix Composite Materials
4.1 Polymer Matrix Composites Applications
4.2 Applications of Advanced Composite Materials (ACMs)
5. Conclusion
References
Advanced Composites of Nanomaterials and Their Applications
1. Introduction
2. Synthesis of Nanocomposites
2.1 Hydrothermal Synthesis
2.2 Sol-Gel synthesis
2.3 Pechini Method
2.4 Chemical Vapor Deposition
2.5 Microwave Irradiation
3. Types of Nanocomposites
3.1 Ceramic Matrix Nanocomposites (CMNC)
3.2 Metal Matrix Nanocomposites (MMNC)
3.3 Polymer Matrix Nanocomposites (PMNCs)
4. Applications
4.1 Fuel Cells
4.2 Electronics
4.3 Aerospace Applications
4.4 Medical Applications
4.5 Cosmetics Applications
4.6 Paint Formulation
4.7 Ceramics
4.8 Textiles
5. Conclusion
References
Advances in Composites for Solid-Phase (Micro) Extraction
1. Introduction
2. Solid-Phase Extraction
2.1 Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction
2.2 Column Solid-Phase Extraction
2.3 Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction
3. Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME)
3.1 MOFs-Based Composites
3.2 COFs-Based Composites
3.3 Graphene-Based Composites
3.4 Other Carbon-Based Composites (CNTs)
4. Conclusion
References
Composite Materials for Ballistic Applications
1. Introduction to Ballistics
2. Ballistic Threats
3. Fiber Types for Ballistic Protection
3.1 Para-Aramid Fibers
3.2 Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fibers
3.3 Glass Fibers
3.4 Carbon Fibers
4. Fabric Types
4.1 Fabric Structures
5. Ballistic Impact Mechanisms
5.1 Ballistic Impact on Textile Materials
5.2 Ballistic Impact in Laminated Composites
5.3 Failure Mechanisms of Fabrics and Composites
5.4 Performance Parameters of Ballistic Materials Against Ballistic Impact Loading
5.5 Numerical Modeling in Ballistic Fabric and Composite Structures
6. Future Trends
7. Summary
References
Additive Manufacturing for Complex Geometries in Polymer Composites
1. Introduction
2. Additive Manufacturing for Complex Geometries
3. Complex Geometry
3.1 Fully Functional Assemblies (FFA)
3.2 4D Printed Structures
3.3 Gradient Structures (GDS)
3.4 Cellular Materials
4. Design for AM Complex Geometries
4.1 CAD Tools
4.2 CAE Tools
4.3 CAM Tools
5. Printing Complex Geometry Composites
5.1 Extrusion-Based Composites
6. Direct Ink Writing
6.1 VAT Polymerization
6.2 Selective Laser Sintering
6.3 Material Jetting
6.4 Sheet Lamination
7. Applications
7.1 Medical Field
7.2 Electronic Field
7.3 Structural 3D Composites
7.4 Other Applications
8. Future Trends and Limitation Section
9. Concluding Remarks
References
Eco/Friendly Polymer-Based Composites for Nuclear Shielding Applications
1. Introduction
2. Literature Review of Polymer Based Shielding Composites
3. Materials and Methods
3.1 Production of Polymer-Based Composites
3.2 Radiation Shielding Performances
4. Results and Discussions
4.1 Evaluation of Gamma Shielding Effect of the Material
4.2 Evaluation of Neutron Shielding Effect of the Material
5. Summary
References
Mechanical and Tribological Behavior of Hybrid Polymer and Hybrid Sandwich Composites
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Fabrication Process
2.1 Raw Materials
2.2 Fabrication of Composite Samples
3. Experimental Methods
3.1 Mechanical Testing
3.2 Tribological Testing
4. Advanced Particulate Composites
4.1 Mechanical Testing
4.2 Erosion Wear Test Results
4.3 Abrasive Wear Test Results
5. Hybrid Polymer Composites
5.1 Mechanical Testing
5.2 Erosion Wear Test
6. Hybrid Sandwich Composite Testing
6.1 Erosion Wear Test
7. Conclusions
References
Nanocomposites Based on Conducting Polymers and Nanomaterials Derived from Natural Polymers
1. Introduction
1.1 Conducting Polymers: Polyaniline, Polypyrrole, and Polythiophene
1.2 Examples of Nanomaterials Based on Natural Polymers
2. Conducting Polymer-Natural Polymers Nanocomposites
2.1 Nanocomposites—Thin Films
2.2 Nanocomposites—Nanofibers
2.3 Nanocomposites—Conductive Nanopapers and Flexible Substrates
3. Technological Applications of Conducting-Natural Polymers Composites
3.1 Sensors and Biosensors
3.2 Medical Applications
3.3 Energy Storage Devices
4. Final Remarks
References
Mechanical and Sliding Wear Performance of ZA27-Gr Alloy Composites for Bearing Applications: Analysis Using Preference Selection Index Method
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methodology
2.1 Materials, Design and Fabrication Procedure
2.2 Physical and Mechanical Characterization
2.3 Multi-Specimen Dry Sliding Wear Tribo-Meter
2.4 Experimental Design and Surface Morphology Studies
2.5 Preference Selection Index Method Algorithm
3. Result and Discussion
3.1 Physical and Mechanical Characteristics
3.2 Steady State-Specific Wear Condition
3.3 Analysis of Experimental Results by Taguchi Experimental Design
3.4 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Effect of Control Parameters
3.5 Surface Morphology
3.6 Ranking Optimization Using PSI Method
4. Conclusions
References
Mechanical and Tribological Aspects of Aluminium Alloy Composites for Gear Application—A Review
1. Introduction
2. Mechanical Characteristics of Metal Alloy Composites
3. Tribological Behavior
3.1 Effect of Wear Parameters
3.2 Influence of Material Factors of Metal Alloy Composite
4. Scope for Future Research Work
5. Conclusions
References
Microcavity Mediated Light Emissions from Plasmonic and Dielectric Composites
1. Introduction
2. Plasmonic Composites
3. Dielectric Composites
4. Applications
5. Conclusion
References
Fabrication and Application of Graphene-Composite Materials
1. Introduction
1.1 Importance of Graphene Composites
1.2 Graphene-Composite Materials
2. Classification of Graphene-Composite Materials
2.1 Graphene/Polymer Composite
2.2 Graphene/Inorganic Composite
3. Fabrication and Characterization of Graphene-Composite Materials
3.1 In-Situ Polymerization/Crystallization
3.2 Chemical Reduction
3.3 Sol–Gel Methods
3.4 Colloidal Processing
3.5 Powder Processing
3.6 Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Metal/Graphene Composites
3.7 Electrostatic Attraction
4. Fabrication of Advanced Graphene Materials
4.1 Quantum Dots of Graphene
4.2 Graphene and Derived Nanofiller
4.3 Graphene Aerogels (GAs)
4.4 Hybrid Graphene/Microfiber Composites
4.5 Graphene Bioactive Composites
5. Applications of Graphene/Polymer Composite Materials
5.1 Structural Reinforcement Materials
5.2 Sensors
5.3 Wastewater Treatment
5.4 Biomedical Applications
6. Conclusion
References
Sustainable Grinding Performances of Nano SiC Reinforced Al Matrix Composites Under Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL)
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1 Materials
2.2 Experimental Design and Procedure
3. Results and Discussions
3.1 Comparison of Tribological Performances of SAE20W40, Cashew Nutshell Oil, and Nano TiO2 Filled Cashew Nutshell Oil
3.2 Development of RSM Based D-optimal Design Models
3.3 Examination of the Quadratic Mathematical Model
3.4 Multi-Response Optimization of Grinding Parameters Based on Desirability Analysis
3.5 Confirmation Experiments
3.6 Effect of Grinding Parameters on Responses
3.7 Effect of MQL Systems on the Desirability
3.8 Surface Morphology of the Machined Surface
3.9 Surface Roughness Analysis Using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
3.10 Surface Morphology of Grinding Wheel Surface
4. Conclusions
References
Waste-Based Zeolites and their Advanced Composites for Wastewater and Environmental Remediation Applications
1. Introduction
2. Zeolite and Synthesis Methods
2.1 Zeolite Minerals
2.2 Zeolite Synthesis Methods
3. Zeolite Properties
3.1 Zeolite Structure
3.2 Adsorption and Ion-Exchange Phenomena
4. Preparation of Zeolites from Wastes
4.1 Industrial or Plant Waste
4.2 Biomass Ash
5. Zeolite Composites for Environmental Remediation Applications
5.1 Cation Removal
5.2 Dye Removal
5.3 Harmful-Gas Removal
6. Zeolite-Composites Membrane for Environmental Remediation Applications
6.1 Cation Removal
6.2 Dye Removal
6.3 Harmful-Gas Removal
7. Recent Advancements and Future Outlook
8. Conclusion
References
Advanced Composites for Drug Adsorption
1. Introduction
2. Classifications of Composites
2.1 Composite Definitions and Classifications
3. General Concepts of the Adsorption Technique in Liquid Medium
3.1 Physical and Chemical Adsorption and Factors that Influence This Phenomenon
3.2 Adsorption Isotherm
3.3 Adsorption Kinetics
3.4 Fixed-Bed Adsorption
3.5 Development of Adsorbent Composites Used in Adsorption
4. Composite Materials for Drug Adsorption: Bibliometric and Systematic Review
4.1 Development of Composites with Organic Materials
4.2 Development of Composites with Inorganic Materials
5. Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References
Advances in Manufacturing and Processing of Discontinuous Particle-Reinforced Titanium Matrix Composites (TMCs)
1. Introduction
1.1 Titanium Matrix Composites (TMCs)
1.2 Advantages of TMCs
1.3 Applications of TMCs
2. Processing of Discontinuous Particle-Reinforced TMCs
2.1 Synthesis of Discontinuous Particle-Reinforced TMCs
2.2 In-Situ Processing Technique
2.3 Additive Manufacturing on TMCs
3. Treatment of TMCs
3.1 Heat Treatment of TMCs
3.2 Electro-Pulsing Treatment (EPT) of TMCs
4. Conclusions
References
Metal-Based Electrical Contact Materials
1. Introduction to Electrical Contact Materials
2. Performance Requirements of Electrical Contact Materials
2.1 IACS (The International Annealed Copper Standard)
3. Metal-Based Electrical Contact Materials
4. Fabrication Methods of Electrical Contact Materials
4.1 Casting
4.2 Powder Metallurgy
4.3 Internal Oxidation Process
4.4 Infiltration Process
5. New Methods for the Fabrication of Electrical Contact Materials
5.1 Development of Powder Properties
5.2 Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP)
5.3 Additive Manufacturing (AM) Process
6. Conclusions
References
Organosulfur Polymer Composites by Free Radical Polymerization of Sulfur with Vegetable Oils
1. Introduction
2. Free Radical Polymerization of Sulfur at Molten State/Inverse Vulcanization
3. Overview of Organosulfur Polymeric Composites Using Vegetable Oils
3.1 Preparation of the Organosulfur Polymeric Composites Using Vegetable Oils
3.2 Properties of the Organosulfur Polymeric Composites Using Vegetable Oils
3.3 Applications of the Organosulfur Polymeric Composites Using Vegetable Oils
4. Challenges and Future Perspective
5. Conclusion
References
Index