Adolescent Sleep Patterns: Biological, Social, and Psychological Influences

✍ Scribed by Mary A. Carskadon

• Year: 2002
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 319
• Edition: First Edition
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Adolescents are among the most sleep deprived populations in our society. This book explores the genesis and development of sleep patterns at this phase of the life span. It examines biological and cultural factors that influence sleep patterns, presents risks associated with lack of sleep, and reveals the effects of environmental factors such as work and school schedules on sleep. This study will appeal to psychologists and sociologists of adolescence who have not yet considered the important role of sleep in the lives of our youth.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Contributors......Page 9
Foreword......Page 11
Preface......Page 15
1. Sleep and Adolescence: A Social Psychologist’s Perspective......Page 23
REFERENCES......Page 25
2. Factors Influencing Sleep Patterns of Adolescents......Page 26
Behavioral Phenomena......Page 27
Parents......Page 28
Academics......Page 30
Employment......Page 31
School Start Time......Page 32
Intrinsic Sleep Mechanisms......Page 33
Circadian Timing System......Page 35
School Transition Study......Page 39
Vulnerable Systems......Page 41
REFERENCES......Page 43
Endocrine Changes in Puberty......Page 49
Morphology of Puberty......Page 50
Neuroendocrine Changes......Page 52
Neurophysiologic Correlates of Puberty......Page 54
Control of Pubertal Onset......Page 55
Melatonin and Control of Pubertal Onset......Page 56
Puberty and Timing of Sleep-Wake Behavior......Page 58
REFERENCES......Page 59
4. Maturational Changes in Sleep-Wake Timing: Longitudinal Studies of the Circadian Activity Rhythm of a Diurnal Rodent......Page 62
Results......Page 65
Discussion......Page 69
REFERENCES......Page 70
5. Nutrition and Circadian Activity Offset in Adolescent Rhesus Monkeys......Page 72
Nonhuman Primate Models of Adolescence......Page 73
The Biology of Brain Development in Primate Adolescence......Page 76
Effect of Zinc Deprivation on Adolescent Development......Page 77
Dietary Zinc Deprivation......Page 79
Procedures for Activity Monitoring......Page 81
Changes in Delay in Circadian Activity Onset over Adolescence......Page 83
REFERENCES......Page 86
6. Toward a Comparative Developmental Ecology of Human Sleep......Page 91
Components of Human Sleep Ecology......Page 93
Proximate Physical Ecology of Sleep......Page 95
Presence of Fire......Page 96
Sleep Space or Structure......Page 98
Sleeping Arrangements......Page 99
Separation of Sleep-Wake States......Page 101
Presence of Animals......Page 102
Macropredators: Humans and Large Carnivores......Page 103
Parasites and Nighttime Pests......Page 104
Labor Demands......Page 105
Conversation......Page 107
Visiting and Traveling......Page 108
Ritual Practices......Page 109
Constraining Beliefs......Page 112
Effects of Status......Page 113
Physical Ecology......Page 114
Daytime Napping......Page 115
Sexual Intercourse......Page 116
Sleep and the Life Course......Page 117
Sleep Life History Case 2: Gebusi......Page 120
Socialization of State Regulation......Page 121
Evolutionary Ecology of Human Sleep......Page 124
Comparative Sleep Ecology......Page 126
Sleep Ecology and Biology: Implications and Speculations......Page 131
Conclusions......Page 133
REFERENCES......Page 134
7. Sleep Patterns of High School Students Living in São Paulo, Brazil......Page 140
Method......Page 141
Sleep Complaints......Page 143
Bedtime, Wake-up Time, and Sleep Length on Weekdays and Weekends......Page 144
Relationships between Sleep Patterns and Sleep Complaints......Page 146
Discussion......Page 147
REFERENCES......Page 152
8. Sleep Patterns and Daytime Function in Adolescence: An Epidemiological Survey of an Italian High School Student Sample......Page 154
Methods......Page 155
Sleeping Habits......Page 156
Sleep Difficulties......Page 158
Use of Substances to Promote Sleep......Page 160
Sociodemographic Factors......Page 161
Impact of Sleep on Daytime Function......Page 162
Discussion......Page 163
REFERENCES......Page 168
9. Risks of Driving While Sleepy in Adolescents and Young Adults......Page 170
Participants......Page 171
Results......Page 172
Methods......Page 176
Results......Page 177
Discussion......Page 178
REFERENCES......Page 180
Circadian Timing of Work and Sleep......Page 181
Rescheduling Shift Starting Times: Effects on Sleep and Alertness......Page 184
Extended Work Hours and Sleep......Page 187
Discussion......Page 190
REFERENCES......Page 192
11. Accommodating the Sleep Patterns of Adolescents within Current Educational Structures: An Uncharted Path......Page 194
Sleep Research......Page 195
Stakeholder Reports......Page 196
Athletics......Page 197
Facility Availability for Community Groups......Page 198
Middle School......Page 199
School-Age Child Care......Page 200
Food Service......Page 201
Elementary Directors......Page 202
Employers Report......Page 203
School Start Times outside the Metropolitan Area......Page 204
Teacher Survey......Page 205
Summary of Findings......Page 206
Parent Survey......Page 207
Edina Teachers Focus Group Summary......Page 209
Edina Student Focus Group Summary......Page 211
Edina Counselors Focus Group Summary......Page 212
Edina Administration Focus Group Summary......Page 213
Parent Written Survey Report from Edina School District......Page 214
Discussion......Page 216
Appendix: Overview of Findings from Metropolitan Minneapolis: 1995–1996 to 1999–2000......Page 218
REFERENCES......Page 219
12. Bridging the Gap between Research and Practice: What Will Adolescents’ Sleep-Wake Patterns Look Like in the 21st Century?......Page 220
Developmental Changes in Adolescents’ Sleep......Page 222
School Start Times......Page 224
Work Hours and Other After-School Activities......Page 225
Emotional and Behavioral Well-Being......Page 229
The Next Generation of Students......Page 231
Countermeasures: Bridging the Gap between Research and Practice......Page 233
School and Community Countermeasures and Systemic Changes......Page 235
Countermeasures for Sleepiness: Student Strategies......Page 236
REFERENCES......Page 238
13. Influence of Irregular Sleep Patterns on Waking Behavior......Page 242
Measures......Page 244
Data Analysis......Page 246
Results......Page 247
Discussion......Page 252
REFERENCES......Page 256
Adolescence: A Period of Storm and Stress?......Page 258
Stress and Sleep: A Conceptual Model......Page 260
Stress and Sleep in Adolescence......Page 262
Specific Adolescent Issues......Page 263
Social versus Family Relationships......Page 265
Academic Pressures......Page 266
The Effects of Non-Age-Specific Traumatic Events......Page 267
Conclusions and Future Directions......Page 268
Case Vignette 1, Dana......Page 269
Case Vignette 2, David......Page 270
Case Vignette 3, Ronit......Page 271
REFERENCES......Page 273
15. The Search for Vulnerability Signatures for Depression in High-Risk Adolescents: Mechanisms and Significance......Page 276
Sleep Changes and Depression......Page 277
Familiality of Sleep Measures......Page 279
Sleep Disturbance and Subsequent Depression: Epidemiologic Clues......Page 281
Sleep Studies of High-Risk Samples......Page 282
Pharmacologic Probe in High-Risk Adolescents......Page 284
Are Subtle Sleep Disruptions Pathways to Depression?......Page 286
REFERENCES......Page 287
16. The Regulation of Sleep-Arousal, Affect, and Attention in Adolescence: Some Questions and Speculations......Page 291
Defining Adolescence......Page 292
Cognitive-Emotional Interface from a Literary Perspective (Or, What Happens When Teenage Brains Fall in Love?)......Page 294
Neural Plasticity and Sensitive Periods of Development......Page 297
Studies from Early Child Development Relevant to the Cognitive-Emotional Interface (Or, How to Get Johnny to Put Away His Toy......Page 298
Vulnerability to Affect Dysregulation......Page 300
Links to Sleep-Arousal Regulation (Or, Back to Sleep)......Page 302
The Role of Attention (Or, How Can We Teach Highly Aroused-Stressed Kids to Relax?)......Page 303
REFERENCES......Page 304
Index......Page 307