Problems of exterior acoustic scattering may be convemently formulated by means of boundary integral equations The problem seeks to find a wave function which gives velocity potential profile, pressure density profile, etc of the acoustic wave at points m space At the background of the formulations are two theories viz (Helmholtz) Potential theory and the Green's representation formula Potential theory eves rise to the so-called mdlrect formulation and the Green's representatlon formula to the direct formulations Clssslcal boundary integral formulations fall at the elgenfrequencles of the interior domam That 1s, if a solution 1s sought of the extenor problem by first solving a homogeneous boundary integral equation, one 1s mevltably led to the conclusion that these homogeneous boundary equations have nontrivial solutions at certam wavenumbers which are the elgenvalues of the correspondmg interior problem At lower wave-numbers, these elgenfrequencles are thinly dlstrlbuted but the higher the wave-number, the denser it becomes This IS a well-known drawback for both time-harmonic acoustics and elastodynamlcs This ~6 not a physical difficulty but arises entirely as a result of a deficiency m the integral equation representation Why then use It? The use has many advantages notably m that the meshing region IS reduced from the mfimte domam exterior to the body to its finite surface This created the need for some robust formulations A proof of the Kussmaul [l] formulation 1s presented The formulation has a hypersmgular kernel m the mtegral operator, which creates a havoc m computation (e g , 111 condltlonmg) The hyper-smgulanty can be avoided [2], as a result a new formulation is proposed This paper presents a broad overview of the Adapted Kussmaul Formulation (AKF)