Adaptation and Human Behavior is a collection of state-of-the-art studies in the rapidly growing field of human behavioral ecology. It commemorates the birth of this approach two decades ago with the publication of Chagnon and Irons's edited volume Evolutionary Biology and Human Social Behavior: An Anthropological Perspective. At the same time it redefines human behavioral ecology for a new generation of scholars and students. Following a set of introductory chapters that put the volume in broader historical and theoretical context, eighteen chapters use data from more than twenty different human societies to explore human behavioral adaptations. A final chapter looks at how far the approach has come and where it may go. Well-known human behavioral ecologists as well as a younger generation of scholars approach topics with a degree of theoretical and methodological sophistication that demonstrate both the maturity and freshness of this new paradigm in the study of human behavior. CONTENTS Preface ยท Part I. Some Statements of Theory ยท 1. Two Decades of a New Paradigm, William Irons ยท 2. Three Styles in the Evolutionary Analysis of Human Behavior, Eric Alden Smith ยท Part II. Mating ยท 3. Polygyny, Family Structure, and Child Mortality: A Prospective Study among the Dogon of Mali, Beverly I. Strassman ยท 4. Paternal Investment and Hunter-Gatherer Divorce Rates, Nicholas Blurton Jones, Frank W. Marlowe, Kristen Hawkes, and James F. O'Connell ยท 5. Fertility, Offspring Quality, and Wealth in Datoga Pastoralists: Testing Evolutionary Models of Intersexual Selection, Daniel W. Sellen, Monique Borgerhoff Mulder, and Daniela F. Sieff ยท 6. Manipulating Kinship Rules: A Form of Male Yanomam? Reproductive Competition, Napoleon Chagnon ยท 7. Physical Attractiveness, Race, and Somatic Prejudice in Bahia, Brazil, Douglas Jones ยท Part III. Parenting ยท 8. Parental Investment Strategies among Aka Foragers, Ngandu Farmers, and Euro-American Urban Industrialists, Barry S. Hewlett, Michael E. Lamb, Birgit Leyendecker, and Axel Sch?lmerich ยท 9. Parenting Other Men's Children: Cost, Benefits, and Consequences, Jane B. Lancaster and Hillard S. Kaplan ยท 10. Female-Biased Parental Investment and Growth Performance among the Mukogodo, Lee Cronk ยท 11. The Grandmother Hypothesis and Human Evolution, Kristen Hawkes, James F. O'Connell, Nicholas Blurton Jones, H. Alvarez, and E.L. Charnov ยท 12. Why Do the Yomut Raise More Sons than Daughters? William Irons ยท Part IV. The Demographic Transition ยท 13. An Adaptive Model of Human Reproductive Rate Where Wealth Is Inherited: Why People Have Small Families, Ruth Mace ยท 14. Skills-Based Competitive Labor Markets, the Demographic Transition, and the Interaction of Fertility and Parental Human Capital in the Determination of Child Outcomes, Hillard S. Kaplan and Jane B. Lancaster ยท 15. Sex, Wealth, and Fertility: Old Rules, New Environments, Bobbi Low ยท 16. To Marry Again or Not: A Dynamic Model for Demographic Transition, Barney Luttberg, Monique Borgerhoff Mulder, and Marc Mangel ยท Part V. Sociality ยท 17. Effects of Illness and Injury on Foraging among the Yora and Shiwiar: Pathology Risk as Adaptive Problem, Lawrence Sugiyama and Richard Chacon ยท 18. Reciprocal Altruism in Yanomam? Food Exchange, Raymond Hames ยท 19. Reciprocal Altruism and Warfare: A Case from the Ecuadorian Amazon, John Q. Patton ยท 20. The Emergence and Stability of Cooperative Fishing on Ifaluk Atoll, Richard Sosis ยท Part VI. Conclusion ยท 21. Twenty Years of Evolutionary Biology and Human Social Behavior: Where Are We Now? J. Patrick Gray ยท References ยท Index