Accident & Emergency: Theory into Practice

✍ Scribed by Brian Dolan, Lynda Holt

• Publisher: Bailliere Tindall / Elsevier
• Year: 2013
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 619
• Edition: 3rd Edition
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Accident & Emergency: Theory into Practice is the comprehensive textbook for emergency nurses, covering the full range of emergency care issues, including trauma management and trauma care, the lifespan, psychological issues, physiology for practice, practice and professional issues. This book is about more than what a nurse should do; it is about why it should be done, leading to sustainable and safer practice.

The third edition of this ever-popular text expands its horizons to include contributions from emergency care professionals in New Zealand, Australia and the Republic of Ireland, as well as the United Kingdom.

Applied anatomy and physiology and how it changes in injury and ill health
Treatment and management of a wide range of emergency conditions
Includes emergency care across the life continuum, trauma management, psychological dimensions and practice and professional issues.
'Transportation of the critically ill patient' chapter outlines the nursing and operational considerations related to transportation of the acutely ill person.
'Creating patient flow' chapter overviews the concepts behind patient flow across the wider health system and introduces the key concept of staff and patient time. It explores some of the techniques used in manufacturing and service industries and its application to health system, illustrating how to reduce the waste of patient and staff time.
'Managing issues of culture and power in ED' chapter demonstrates that cultural awareness is about much more than recognising the different religious needs of patients and their families; it's also about recognising culture, diversity, stereotyping and expressions of power.
Updated to reflect the latest practice and guidelines in this fast-changing field of practice.

✦ Table of Contents

Front Cover......Page 1
Accident & Emergency: Theory into Practice......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Contributors......Page 10
Preface......Page 12
Major incidents......Page 16
Emergency care practitioner......Page 19
Conclusion......Page 20
Introduction......Page 22
Primary survey......Page 23
Secondary survey......Page 28
Trauma in children......Page 29
Definitive care......Page 30
Conclusion......Page 31
Definition......Page 34
Planning......Page 35
Training......Page 36
Major incident alerting procedures......Page 37
Conclusion......Page 39
Introduction......Page 42
Types of transportation......Page 43
Modes of transportation......Page 44
Special considerations......Page 49
Conclusion......Page 51
Introduction......Page 56
Classification of head injuries......Page 64
Management......Page 69
Management of minor traumatic head injury......Page 74
Brain stem death testing......Page 80
Conclusion......Page 81
Chapter 6 - Skeletal injuries......Page 84
Anatomy and physiology......Page 85
Femoral fractures......Page 96
Lower leg injury......Page 97
Foot fractures......Page 101
Shoulder injury......Page 104
Upper arm injury......Page 107
Elbow injury......Page 108
Forearm injury......Page 110
Wrist injury......Page 111
Hand injury......Page 115
Soft tissue injury......Page 117
Conclusion......Page 121
Anatomy and physiology......Page 124
Pathophysiology......Page 125
Cervical spine fractures......Page 129
Spinal cord injury......Page 130
Neurogenic shock......Page 131
Conclusion......Page 132
Introduction......Page 134
Anatomy of the chest......Page 135
The physiology of respiration
......Page 136
Serious chest injuries......Page 146
Analgesia......Page 148
Conclusion......Page 149
Introduction......Page 150
Assessment of abdominal trauma......Page 155
Primary survey......Page 156
Secondary survey......Page 157
Special diagnostic studies......Page 158
Abdominal injuries in children......Page 162
Conclusion......Page 164
Anatomy and physiology......Page 166
Mechanism of injury......Page 167
Airway assessment and management......Page 168
Le Fort fractures......Page 169
Mandibular fractures......Page 171
Frontal sinus fractures......Page 172
Nasal fractures......Page 173
Facial wounds......Page 174
Conclusion......Page 176
Introduction......Page 178
Assessment......Page 179
Conclusion......Page 191
Assessing the problem......Page 196
Managing aggression in the ED......Page 199
Managing the violent individual......Page 200
Conclusion......Page 202
Stress theory......Page 204
Signs and symptoms of stress......Page 205
Stressors in ED nursing......Page 206
Burnout......Page 207
Stress management......Page 208
Conclusion......Page 210
Background......Page 214
Witnessed resuscitation......Page 215
Breaking bad news......Page 217
Viewing the body......Page 219
Legal and ethical issues......Page 220
Staff support......Page 221
Conclusion......Page 222
Introduction......Page 224
Assessment of mental health clients......Page 225
Acute psychotic episode......Page 226
Anxiety states......Page 230
Alcohol-related emergencies......Page 231
Munchausen’s syndrome and Munchausen’s syndrome by proxy......Page 232
Suicide and deliberate self-harm......Page 233
Elderly clients presenting to the ED with mental health problems......Page 235
Acute stress reaction......Page 236
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)......Page 237
Conclusion......Page 238
Introduction......Page 242
Development of the normal infant......Page 243
Assessment......Page 245
Advanced paediatric life support......Page 248
Apparent life-threatening events......Page 250
Cardiac emergencies......Page 251
The febrile infant......Page 252
Bacterial meningitis and septicaemia......Page 253
Dehydration in infants......Page 254
The vomiting infant......Page 255
The injured infant......Page 256
Head and neck injuries......Page 257
Infant death......Page 258
Conclusion......Page 259
Introduction......Page 262
The child under stress......Page 263
Understanding illness......Page 264
Asthma......Page 265
Accidental poisoning......Page 270
Safeguarding children......Page 272
Sexual abuse......Page 276
Fabricated illness......Page 277
Conclusion......Page 278
Introduction......Page 282
Child development......Page 283
Pain assessment and management......Page 284
Musculoskeletal injuries......Page 285
Abdominal pain......Page 286
Health promotion......Page 288
Conclusion......Page 289
Caring for the adolescent in the ED......Page 292
Personal fable......Page 293
Risk-taking behaviour......Page 294
Substance misuse......Page 295
Conclusion......Page 300
Sports injuries......Page 302
Alcohol-related attendances......Page 303
Genitourinary trauma and infections......Page 305
Conclusion......Page 306
Chest pain......Page 308
Obesity......Page 311
Depression and life-changing events......Page 312
Conclusion......Page 313
Background......Page 316
Assessment......Page 317
Elder abuse......Page 319
Polypharmacy......Page 320
Hypothermia......Page 321
Delirium......Page 322
Stroke......Page 324
Falls......Page 325
Conclusion......Page 326
Homeostasis......Page 332
Temperature control......Page 333
Fluid and electrolyte balance......Page 334
Blood glucose homeostasis......Page 339
Haemostasis – an example of positive feedback with a cut-off mechanism......Page 340
Conclusion......Page 343
Chapter 24 - Wound care......Page 344
Anatomy of the skin......Page 345
Wound healing......Page 346
Wound assessment......Page 349
Wound pain......Page 351
Wound cleansing......Page 352
Wound closure......Page 354
Wound infection......Page 359
Tetanus prophylaxis......Page 362
Conclusion......Page 363
Introduction......Page 366
Pain theories......Page 367
Assessing pain......Page 369
Pharmacological pain management......Page 371
Non-pharmacological pain management......Page 372
Conclusion......Page 373
Introduction......Page 376
Pharmacology of local anaesthetics......Page 377
Uses of local anaesthetics......Page 378
Benefits of local anaesthetics......Page 382
Conclusion......Page 383
Chapter 27 - Cardiac emergencies......Page 386
Cardiac emergencies......Page 388
Related anatomy and physiology......Page 389
The cardiac cycle......Page 391
Basic ECG interpretation......Page 392
Rhythm disturbances......Page 400
Heart block......Page 404
Pacing......Page 406
Acute cardiac failure......Page 412
Conclusion......Page 416
Chapter 28 - Medical emergencies......Page 418
Respiration......Page 419
Asthma......Page 421
Pulmonary oedema......Page 424
Pulmonary embolism......Page 425
Anaphylaxis......Page 426
Near drowning......Page 427
Carbon monoxide poisoning......Page 428
Renal disorders......Page 429
Dehydration – fluid volume deficit......Page 430
Thermoregulation......Page 431
Nervous system......Page 433
Glucose regulation......Page 436
Haematology......Page 437
Conclusion......Page 438
Chapter 29 - Surgical emergencies......Page 440
Anatomy and physiology of the abdomen......Page 441
Nursing assessment of the acute abdomen......Page 442
General principles of patient assessment and abdominal examination......Page 443
Pre-operative preparation......Page 458
Conclusion......Page 459
Anatomy and physiology......Page 462
Rape and sexual assault......Page 467
Conclusion......Page 477
Chapter 31 - Ophthalmic emergencies......Page 480
Introduction......Page 481
Ocular burns......Page 487
Lid trauma......Page 488
Major closed trauma......Page 489
Minor trauma......Page 491
Eye pads......Page 492
Red eye......Page 493
Health promotion......Page 495
Conclusion......Page 496
The ear......Page 498
Conclusion......Page 506
Introduction......Page 510
Assessing needs......Page 515
Consent......Page 516
Additional support models......Page 517
Conclusion......Page 518
Health promotion framework......Page 522
The nurse as behaviour change agent......Page 523
The nurse as strategic practitioner......Page 525
Conclusion......Page 526
The concept of triage......Page 528
See and Treat......Page 530
Patient assessment......Page 531
Decision-making strategies......Page 532
Triage systems......Page 533
Conclusion......Page 536
What is leadership?......Page 540
Clinical leadership......Page 541
Clinical supervision......Page 544
360 degree feedback......Page 546
Conclusion......Page 547
Introduction......Page 550
Clinical decision-making......Page 551
Nursing process......Page 552
Critical thinking......Page 553
Intuition......Page 555
Conclusion......Page 556
Introduction......Page 558
Applying the imperative to practice......Page 559
Duty as a moral problem......Page 560
Above all, do no harm......Page 561
Consent as an ethical process......Page 562
Conclusion......Page 563
Law in the UK......Page 566
Attendance......Page 567
Treatment and care......Page 568
Patient property......Page 569
Consent to treatment......Page 570
Detention of patients......Page 571
Staff health and safety......Page 572
Conclusion......Page 573
Preventing accidents......Page 574
Legislation......Page 575
Legislation since 1992......Page 577
Infection prevention and control......Page 579
Working Time Directive......Page 580
Framework for maintaining a safe environment......Page 581
Conclusion......Page 582
Defining culture and acknowledging diversity......Page 584
Stereotyping, stigma and discrimination......Page 585
The culture of nursing......Page 586
Expressions of power......Page 587
Conclusion......Page 588
Health system environments......Page 590
Patient time......Page 591
Creating goals of patient flow......Page 593
Moving to flow......Page 596
Pulling all the flow elements together......Page 597
Conclusion......Page 598
Appendix - Normal values......Page 600
A
......Page 602
B
......Page 603
C
......Page 604
D
......Page 606
E
......Page 607
G
......Page 608
H
......Page 609
L
......Page 610
M
......Page 611
O
......Page 612
P
......Page 613
S
......Page 615
T
......Page 616
Z
......Page 618

✦ Subjects

Emergency Medicine; Emergency Nursing; Nursing Emergency; Emergency Medical Services;