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Development of the facial (Fallopian) canal, with reference to dehiscence in the middle ear.
We have investigated the development of the patterns of closure and ossification in the primitive cartilaginous sulcal precursor of the facial (Fallopian) canal, with reference to dehiscence in the middle ear. Dehiscences place an exposed facial nerve at risk from iatrogenic and pathological trauma after birth. Temporal bones were resected from 24 human fetal heads. Eight (aged 22-36 weeks) were microsliced at 1.5mm and the slices x-rayed. Sixteen (aged 12-35 weeks) were serially microtomed at 7u หm and stained with H&E. Quantitative analysis of the latter measured the extent of sulcal closure in the tympanic segment to determine closure patterns and dehiscence formation. Confirmation of the anatomicohistological features of closure were obtained from qualitative analysis. Bony development was assessed from the x-ray images. The tympanic part of the facial canal closed antero-posteriorly from the geniculate fossa, enclosing the facial nerve. The sulcus was capped by membrane bone. In this segment, permanent congenital dehiscences appeared elliptical and about 1mm in length. This study provided new information on the mechanism of formation, dimensions and location of congenital dehiscences in the canal. This knowledge is pertinent to surgical technique in the adult middle ear.
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