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The exact role of copper and zinc in the aetiology of cancer gallbladder is unclear. Some studies suggest the Cu/Zn ratio is a good indicator of the extent and prognosis in carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the present study was to estimate the micronutrient profile and Cu/Zn ratio in the serum, tissues, and bile of patients with benign and malignant gallbladder diseases. Methods: The present study was carried out in 60 patients, comprising 30 each of gallbladder cancer and cholelithiasis and 30 age-and sex-matched controls. Copper and zinc levels were estimated in blood, bile, and tissue using a Perkin Elmer Model 2380 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Results: The mean serum zinc levels were significantly lower in patients with gallbladder cancer than in patients with cholelithiasis and in healthy controls (P < 0.001). The mean serum copper levels were significantly higher in patients with gallbladder cancer as compared to patients with cholelithiasis and healthy controls (P < 0.001). Biliary and tissue zinc levels were significantly lower in patients with gallbladder cancer than in patients with cholelithiasis. Biliary and tissue copper levels were higher in patients with gallbladder cancer than in patients with cholelithiasis. The serum Cu/ Zn ratio showed a gradual and significant increase from 1.11 in healthy controls to 1.35 in patients with cholelithiasis and 2.12 in patients with gallbladder cancer. The biliary and tissue Cu/Zn ratios were also significantly increased in patients with gallbladder cancer when compared to in patients with cholelithiasis (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Our data support an association between lower zinc levels and, consequently, an increased Cu/Zn ratio, and gallbladder cancer. Whether zinc supplementation has a protective effect in preventing gallbladder cancer needs to be studied further.
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