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A three-mode factor analysis of clinical judgment of schizophrenicity

โœ Scribed by David H. Mills; Ledyard R. Tucker


Publisher
John Wiley and Sons
Year
1966
Tongue
English
Weight
287 KB
Volume
22
Category
Article
ISSN
0021-9762

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โœฆ Synopsis


PROBLEM

Hunt and his *. 5 , have reported rather extensive studies of clinical judgment. As Hunt has stated, ('Our own program of research in the reliability and validity of clinical judgment has demonstrated that surprisingly reliable and valid judgments can be attained on a number of dimensions . . . "(4). However, elsewhere(a), he has decried the lack of available quantitative techniques with which to deal fully and adequately with the complexity of the clinical judgment phenomena. This report presents an analysis of clinical judgment data utilizing a relatively new statistical technique which more adequately deals with the complexity of judgment phenomena producing substantive findings which add to available knowledge.

PROCEDURE

The data utilized in this study were furnished by Hunt and Walker, having been analyzed and reported by them in an earlier paper(6). Only a segment of their data was used (that relating the judgments of schizophrenicity made on WAIS vocabulary and comprehension items by five experienced judges). These judgments were made on a seven point rating scale with the judges being instructed to make their judgments according to the severity of the pathology exhibited in the response, i.e., how "schizophrenic" each response was. The final data for the current analysis, then, consist of the schizophrenicity judgments of five judges to the WAIS vocabulary and comprehension responses of 23 patients. The patient sample consisted of 6 normals, 6 psychoneurotics, 6 schizophrenics, and five cases of organic brain damage. Of the original Hunt and Walker data, six mental retardates and one case of organic brain damage were excluded in the current analysis because they did not respond to all of the WAIS items. Similarly, only the 20 vocabulary items and the 10 comprehension items responded to by all of the remaining 23 patients were analyzed. The data, forming a three-dimensional matrix, 5 by 23 by 30, were then subjected to the following analysis.

Three-mode factor analysis is an extension of classic factor analysis which can be applied to three-way classification data (as above, judges by items by patients). Classic factor analysis has a mathematical model based on two-way classification tables (often subjects by tests matrices) and which is inappropriate (or, a t best, elliptical) when applied to data which can be classified according to more than two identifying characteristics. It was in an attempt to meet the needs for a procedure to deal more effectively with more-than-two-mode data that Tucker et aZ(2p 6 , 9 , l o ) developed the t.hree-(or more) mode factor analytic technique.

Briefly, the technique yields factor matrices for each mode of identifying classification (in the usual form) plus a core matrix box (which has one dimension for each mode). This core matrix box gives the relationships between the types of idealized entries, Le., there is one set of idealized types for each mode, equal in number to the number of significant factors for that mode. The particular matrix algebra involved can be obtained from Levin(6), Hoffman and Tucker"), or from Tucker (I1).


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