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A study on the mixing proportion in groundwater samples by using Piper diagram and Phreeqc model

✍ Scribed by U. Karmegam; S. Chidambaram; M. V. Prasanna; P. Sasidhar; S. Manikandan; G. Johnsonbabu; V. Dheivanayaki; P. Paramaguru; R. Manivannan; K. Srinivasamoorthy; P. Anandhan

Book ID
107435237
Publisher
SP Science Press
Year
2011
Tongue
English
Weight
471 KB
Volume
30
Category
Article
ISSN
1000-9426

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A study on the mixing proportion in grou
A study on the mixing proportion in groundwater samples by using Piper diagram and Phreeqc model
✍ U. Karmegam; S. Chidambaram; M. V. Prasanna; P. Sasidhar; S. Manikandan; G. John πŸ“‚ Article πŸ“… 2011 πŸ› SP Science Press 🌐 English βš– 471 KB

## Piper (1944) diagram has been the basis for several important interpretations of the hydrogeochemical data. As seen in this diagram, most natural waters contain relatively few dissolved constituents, with cations (metals or bases) and anions (acid radicles) in chemical equilibrium with one anot

Saliva and serum samples were collected
Saliva and serum samples were collected from eight healthy volunteers every two hours during a 26-hour period. Melatonin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay after chloroform extraction using radioiodinated melatonin as a tracer. Five of the subjects had high serum melatonin levels at night (peak levels higher than 75 pg/ml); in three subjects the highest serum melatonin concentration was 20-40 pg/ml. All subjects had low levels (P <0.001, was obtained for all detectable value pairs (n= 73). The regression and correlation coefficients were almost equal for the peak values of melatonin and during the rising and descending phases of the secretion patterns. However, no significant correlation was found between low daytime salivary and serum concentrations when calculated separately. In the five high-secretors the melatonin levels in saliva reflected reliably the changes in serum, but in the three low-secretors the correlation between salivary and serum melatonin was not significant. The proportion of melatonin found in saliva decreased with increasing serum melatonin levels. Circadian rhythm parameters were estimated by single cosinor analysis. The acrophases did not differ significantly within a subject in the concomitant measurements of serum and salivary melatonin. The measurements of salivary melatonin levels seem valid for studies on melatonin rhythms, but the melatonin concentrations measured in saliva do not always consistently reflect the absolute concentrations in blood.
✍ Maija-Liisa Laakso; Tarja Porkka-Heiskanen; Aino Alila; Dag Stenberg; Gunnar Joh πŸ“‚ Article πŸ“… 1990 πŸ› John Wiley and Sons 🌐 English βš– 622 KB