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A simulation experiment for optimal design hyetograph selection

โœ Scribed by Lorenzo Alfieri; Francesco Laio; Pierluigi Claps

Publisher
John Wiley and Sons
Year
2008
Tongue
English
Weight
524 KB
Volume
22
Category
Article
ISSN
0885-6087

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โœฆ Synopsis

Abstract

The aim of this work is to assess the accuracy of literature design hyetographs for the evaluation of peak discharges during flood events. Five design hyetographs are examined in a set of simulations, based upon the following steps: (i) an ideal river basin is defined, characterized by a Beta distribution shaped unit hydrograph (UH); (ii) 1000 years of synthetic rainfall are artificially generated; (iii) a discharge timeโ€series is obtained from the convolution of the rainfall timeโ€series and the UH, and the reference Tโ€years flood is computed from this series; (iv) for the same return period T, the parameters of the intensityโ€“durationโ€“frequency (IDF) curve are estimated from the 1000 years of synthetic rainfall; (v) five design hyetographs are determined from the IDF curves and are convolved with the discrete UH to find the corresponding design hydrographs; (vi) the hydrograph peaks are compared with the reference Tโ€years flood and the advantages and drawbacks of each of the five approaches are evaluated. The rainfall and UH parameters are varied, and the whole procedure is repeated to assess the sensitivity of results to the system configuration.

We found that all design hyetographs produce flood peak estimates that are consistently biased in most of the climatic and hydrologic conditions considered. In particular, significant underestimation of the design flood results from the adoption of any rectangular hyetograph used in the context of the rational formula. In contrast, the Chicago hyetograph tends to overestimate peak flows. In two cases it is sufficient to multiply the result by a constant scaling factor to obtain robust and nearly unbiased estimates of the design floods. Copyright ยฉ 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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