✍ Scribed by Anil K. Chopra; Rakesh K. Goel
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
An Erratum has been published for this article in Earthquake Engng. Struct. Dyn. 2004; 33:1429.
Based on structural dynamics theory, the modal pushover analysis (MPA) procedure retains the conceptual simplicity of current procedures with invariant force distribution, now common in structural engineering practice. The MPA procedure for estimating seismic demands is extended to unsymmetric‐plan buildings. In the MPA procedure, the seismic demand due to individual terms in the modal expansion of the effective earthquake forces is determined by non‐linear static analysis using the inertia force distribution for each mode, which for unsymmetric buildings includes two lateral forces and torque at each floor level. These ‘modal’ demands due to the first few terms of the modal expansion are then combined by the CQC rule to obtain an estimate of the total seismic demand for inelastic systems. When applied to elastic systems, the MPA procedure is equivalent to standard response spectrum analysis (RSA). The MPA estimates of seismic demand for torsionally‐stiff and torsionally‐flexible unsymmetric systems are shown to be similarly accurate as they are for the symmetric building; however, the results deteriorate for a torsionally‐similarly‐stiff unsymmetric‐plan system and the ground motion considered because (a) elastic modes are strongly coupled, and (b) roof displacement is underestimated by the CQC modal combination rule (which would also limit accuracy of RSA for linearly elastic systems). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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## Abstract This article is a state‐of‐the‐art review of the simplified inelastic analytical procedure commonly referred to as the ‘pushover analysis’ to estimate the seismic response of buildings. The basic steps of a pushover analysis are outlined. The choices available to users in each step are
When evaluating the seismic demands of tall buildings, engineers are more likely to adopt simplified non-linear static analytical procedures, or pushover analyses, instead of the more complicated non-linear response history analysis. Since the conventional procedure has some drawbacks in predicting