✦ LIBER ✦

A Head of Its Time: Career Counseling's Roots in Phrenology

✍ Scribed by David B. Hershenson

Publisher: American Counseling Association
Year: 2008
Tongue: English
Weight: 84 KB
Volume: 57
Category: Article
ISSN: 0889-4019
DOI: 10.1002/j.2161-0045.2008.tb00046.x

No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.

✦ Synopsis

It is an indisputable but conveniently overlooked fact that trait‐and‐factor career counseling was widely practiced in the United States at least 35 years before Frank Parsons provided this service and that the practitioners were phrenologists. This article proposes the reasons why career counseling arose in phrenology at that time and argues that the eminent phrenologist Nelson Sizer, rather than Frank Parsons, is the real founder of the field.

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