A guide for machine vision in quality control

✍ Scribed by Anand, Sheila; Priya, L

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2020
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 192
• Category: Library

✦ Table of Contents

Cover......Page 1
Half Title......Page 2
Title Page......Page 3
Copyright Page......Page 4
Table of Contents......Page 5
Preface......Page 9
Authors......Page 11
1: Computer and Human Vision Systems......Page 13
1.1 The Human Eye......Page 14
1.2 Computer versus Human Vision Systems......Page 20
1.3 Evolution of Computer Vision......Page 23
1.4 Computer/Machine Vision and Image Processing......Page 25
1.5 Applications of Computer Vision......Page 27
Exercises......Page 29
2.1 Digital Image......Page 31
2.2 Monochrome and Color Images......Page 33
2.3 Image Brightness and Contrast......Page 38
2.4 2D, 3D, and 4D Images......Page 39
2.5 Digital Image Representation......Page 40
2.6 Digital Image File Formats......Page 41
2.7.1 Points, Edges, and Vertices......Page 43
2.7.2 Point Operations......Page 44
2.7.4 Brightness......Page 46
2.7.6 Spatial Transformation......Page 47
2.7.7 Affine Transformation......Page 48
2.7.8 Image Interpolation......Page 51
2.7.8.2 Bilinear Interpolation......Page 52
2.8 Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing......Page 53
Exercises......Page 55
3.1 Machine Vision System......Page 57
3.2.1 CCD and CMOS Image Sensors......Page 59
3.2.3 Camera Type......Page 61
3.2.3.2 Line Scan Cameras......Page 62
3.2.3.3 Smart Cameras......Page 64
3.2.4 Camera Lens......Page 65
3.2.4.1 Resolution, Contrast, and Sharpness......Page 66
3.3 Lenses and Their Parameters......Page 67
3.3.1 Types of Lenses......Page 74
3.3.2 Lens Mounts......Page 76
3.3.3 Lens Selection Examples......Page 77
3.3.3.2 Field of View Is Smaller or Close to Camera Sensor Size......Page 78
3.4 Machine Vision Lighting......Page 79
3.4.1 Light Sources in Machine Vision......Page 80
3.4.2.1 BackLighting......Page 81
3.4.2.2 FrontLighting......Page 82
3.4.2.3 Diffused Lighting......Page 84
3.4.2.4 Oblique Lighting......Page 85
3.4.2.5 Dark Field Lighting......Page 86
3.4.3 Illumination Summary......Page 87
3.5 Filters......Page 88
3.6 Machine Vision Software......Page 89
3.7 Machine Vision Automation......Page 90
3.9 Summary......Page 93
Exercises......Page 94
4.1 Overview of Quality Control......Page 97
4.2 Quality Inspection and Machine Vision......Page 98
4.3 Designing a Machine Vision System......Page 100
4.4 Machine Vision Systems in Industry......Page 102
4.5 Categorization of Machine Vision Solutions......Page 105
4.5.1 Dimensional Measurement......Page 106
4.5.1.2 Dimensional Measurement of Reed Valve......Page 107
4.5.2 Presence/Absence Inspection......Page 108
4.5.2.1 Blister Pack Inspection......Page 109
4.5.3 Character Inspection......Page 110
4.5.3.1 Label and Barcode Inspection......Page 111
4.5.3.2 Drug Pack Inspection......Page 112
4.5.4.1 Profile Inspection of Spline Gear......Page 113
4.5.4.2 Profile Inspection for Packaging Integrity......Page 114
4.5.5 Surface Inspection......Page 115
4.5.6 Robot Guidance......Page 116
Exercises......Page 117
5: Digital Image Processing for Machine Vision Applications......Page 119
5.1.1 Image Filtering......Page 120
5.1.1.2 Gaussian Filter......Page 123
5.1.1.3 Bilateral Filter......Page 124
5.1.1.4 Comparison of Filter Techniques......Page 125
5.1.2 Subsampling/Scaling......Page 126
5.2 Image Segmentation......Page 128
5.2.1 Threshold-Based Segmentation......Page 130
5.2.2 Edge-Based Segmentation......Page 131
5.2.2.1 First-Order Derivative Edge Detection......Page 132
5.2.2.2 Second-Order Derivative Operators......Page 135
5.2.3.1 Region Growing Methods......Page 137
5.2.3.2 Region Split and Merge Method......Page 140
5.3 Object Recognition......Page 142
5.3.1 Template Matching......Page 143
5.4 Summary......Page 146
Exercises......Page 147
6.1 Case Study—Presence/Absence Inspection of a 3G Switch Box......Page 149
6.1.2 Machine Vision Configuration......Page 150
6.1.3 Machine Vision Setup......Page 153
6.2.2 Machine Vision Configuration......Page 154
6.2.3 Machine Vision Setup......Page 156
6.3.2 Machine Vision Configuration......Page 157
6.3.3 Line Rate and Resolution......Page 158
6.3.4 Machine Vision Setup......Page 159
6.4 General Process for Building Machine Vision Solutions......Page 160
Exercises......Page 162
7.1 History of Industrial Revolution(s)......Page 167
7.2 Machine Vision and Industry 4.0......Page 171
7.3 Emerging Vision Trends in Manufacturing......Page 172
7.4 3D Imaging......Page 173
7.5 Emerging Vision Trends in Non-Manufacturing Applications......Page 175
7.6 Conclusion......Page 178
Exercises......Page 179
Bibliography......Page 181
Index......Page 189

✦ Subjects

Computer vision;Quality control--Automation;Quality control -- Automation