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A finite difference model for the kinetics of sensitization

✍ Scribed by B.W. Bennett; H.W. Pickering


Publisher
Elsevier Science
Year
1988
Weight
972 KB
Volume
36
Category
Article
ISSN
0001-6160

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✦ Synopsis


This paper reports on the development of a finite difference model of the sensitization process. The model can be applied to alloy systems in which diffusion of one component to and within the grain boundary determines the rate of precipitation in the boundary. An example application of the model to sensitization of austenitic stainless steel is given. The model predicts the Cr-profiles in and normal to the grain boundaries and includes the effect of overlap of the Cr-profiles along the grain boundary. Because overlap is considered, the model is applicable in the short time range prior to the formation of a uniform Cr-level along the boundary, as well as at longer times corresponding to conditions for which error function type models available in the literature are applicable. Thus, the model provides a distinct advantage over existing models in that sensitization time can be calculated once the carbide spacing is known. Calculated Cr-profiles agree well with experimentally measured profiles and are consistent with the observation that grain boundaries can be sensitized over their entire length or only along segments of their length.

R&um&-Xet article pr&ente le developpement d'un modele aux di&ences finies qui dtcrit le mecanisme de sensibilisation. Ce modele peut etre appliqut aux systtmes d'alliages dans lesquels la diffusion de l'un des composants vers ou B l'intkrieur du joint de grains dttermine la vitesse de precipitation dans le joint. A titre d'exemple, nous appliquons notre modtle $ la sensibilisation de l'acier inoxydable austtnitique. Le modile prkdit les profils de chrome dans le joint de grains et perpendiculairement g lui, et il inclut l'effet de recouvrement des profils de chrome le long du joint. Puisqu'on tient compte de ce recouvrement, on peut appliquer le modhle pendant le court laps de temps qui pr&ide la formation d'un niveau uniforme de chrome le long du joint, tout comme pour des temps plus longs qui correspondent aux conditions dans lesquelles s'appliquent les modtles du type fonctions d'erreur. Notre modile foumit ainsi un avantage particulier vis $ vis des modkles existants, dans la mesure oh il permet de calculer le temps de sensibilisation, une fois connue la distance entre les carbures. Les profils de chrome calcults sont en bon accord avec les profils mesurks exp&rimentalement, et ils correspondent bien au fait que l'on observe une sensibilisation des joints de grains sur leur longueur entitre ou seulement sur des portions de leur longueur.

Zusammenfassung-Es

wird ein Model1 mit finiten Differenzen zur Beschreibung des Sensibilisierungsprozesses entwickelt. Das Model1 kann auf Legierungssysteme angewendet werden, bei denen die Diffusion der einen Komponente zur Korngrenze und innerhalb dieser die Ausscheidungsrate in der Korngrenze bestimmt. Als Beispiel wird das Model1 auf die Sensibilisierung des rostfreien austenitischen Stahles angewendet. Das Model1 ergibt die Chromprofile in undsenkrecht zu den Komgrenzen und beriicksichtigt die Effekte iiberlappender Chromprofile entlang der Korngrenzen. Wegen dieser Beriicksichtigung des iiberlappens kann das Model1 im Bereich kurzer Zeiten angewendet werden, in denen sich eine einheitliche Chromkonzentration noch nicht entlang den Komgrenzen ausgebildet hat, auBerdem such bei langen Zeiten, die Bedingungen entsprechen, fiir die GauBmodelle in der Literatur schon vorhanden sind. Deshalb hat dieses Model1 den eindeutigen Vorteil gegeniiber den vorhadenen Modellen, daB es die Berechnung der Sensibilisierungszeit gestattet, wenn der Abstand der Karbidteilchen bekannt ist. Die berechneten Chromprofile stimmen mit experimentell gemessenen gut i&rein und sind such mit den Beobachtungen vertrlglich, dal3 die Korngrenzen iiber ihre gesamte LHnge oder such nur entlang Segmenten ihrer LInge sensibilisiert werden kiinnen.


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