โ Scribed by Mooney, C. M.
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
THE AIM of this study has been to develop some new tests that will facilitate the measurement of individual differences in the apprehension of incomplete or disorganized representations of commonplace things (closure).
The closure tests hitherto employed by Street (13), Leeper (5), Sheehan (12), Verville and Cameron (17), Verville (16), Thurstone (14, 15),Guilford and Lacey (3), Botzum (2), and Adkins and Lyerly (1), have not been extensive, and few have permitted simple group administration and scoring.
Accordingly, six purported closure tests, capable of simple group administration and scoring, have been constructed; these, with nine other mental tests, have been administered to some ninety young men; and the results have been factor-analysed to see if the tests define a closure dimension or dimensions.
A conventional psychological definition of closure would be that given by Gardner Murphy (9):
Closure: according to Gestalt theory, a basic principle whereby the tension initiated by a situation is resolved and the configuration (whether of behavior or of mental process) tends to as complete or "closed" a condition as the circumstances permit. An interrupted sneeze or a face in profile without a nose is an unclosed configuration which one tends to "complete."
The term was given psychological currency by Wertheimer, Koffka, and Kohler in their early expositions of Gestalt theory. It was one of the organizing forces-similarity, proximity, closure, good continuation-which determined the direction of perceptual organization. The early "crucial" illustrations of these factors were given in simple visual patterns. In these, closure has a literal aptness in describing the closing of gaps in lines, circles, triangles, and patterns.
Closure may be described in a more general sense as the moment of perceptual resolution; as the terminal phase of an act of perceptual contemplation; as the tension-relieving instant when meaning is ascribed to
๐ SIMILAR VOLUMES
A half-factorial domain (HFD), R, is an atomic integral domain where given any two products of irreducible elements of R: As a natural generalization of unique factorization domains (UFD), one wishes to investigate which "good" properties of UFDs that HFDs possess. In particular, it has been conjec