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A novel modelling approach for transmission lines that overcomes the maximum step size constraint of regular line models used in electromagnetic transients programmes is described. The new model allows us to accurately simulate wave propagation phenomena, as well as low network frequency variations with maximum efficiency, as the simulation step size is no longer restricted to model requirements, but can be adjusted according to the current transient state of the network. The model was tested with a CIGRE line energization case study which was performed utilizing a variable simulation step size algorithm for a combined study of electromagnetic transients and transient stability.
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a case study In Egypt
This article examines the practical perspective for introducing the deregulation model in systems with a strong predominance of hydroelectric generation, such as the Brazilian electricity system. In order to do this, the article describes the process of establishing short-term prices in systems with
The optimal operation of a combined heat and power (CHP) plant with heat storage is discussed. The dynamics of the district heating (DH) network are also considered. The decision variables include production of heat and power, supply temperature and operation of heat storage. Heat demand for the DH