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a fuel. Low income households are disadvantaged, as they use traditional low efficiency wood stoves. The paper highlights a need to alter energy policies to promote quality fuels and efficient devices in an accessible way to low income households.
A framework for energy policy-making in the Pacific Islands Yu, X. et al. Energy Policy, 25, (12), 971-982. Using a framework for formulating energy policy could be a new approach for energy planning and management in the Pacific Island region. This paper suggests a framework for energy policy-making in the region. The framework consists of six main components: (i) energy demand projection; (ii) analysis of energy resources and technologies; (iii) analysis of policies and legislation; (iv) financial analysis; (v) evaluation of socio-economic and cultural effects; and (vi) assessment of environmental issues. In order to further discuss the framework, energy policy-making in Kiribati is closely looked at as a case study. The case study shows the framework can be used as a useful tool for energy policy evaluation for the Pacific Island nations.
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Three possible scenarios
## Process damage free thin-film GaAs cells detached from the GaAs substrates are presented. GaAs cells grown by gas-source MBE were thinned by the epitaxial lift-off (ELO) technique. A peak splitting in the band emission was shown by photoluminescence spectroscopy, which inferred a strain was ind