In Japanese) Fly ash is used in mortar or concrete compositions at an amount of cement/ fly ash weight ratio of 20.5 when the pH of 20% coal ash slurry is >ll.O, cement/fly ash wt. ratio of ~0.7 when the pH of 20% coal ash slurry is ~9.0 but *l.O when the pH of 20% coal ash slurry is >h.O but ~9.0.
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Need of advanced technologies for coal ash utilization programs Dube, S. K. Proc. Am. Power Conf., 1997, 59, (2), 818-823. Various uses for coal fly ash, including civil engineering applications where slow strength development is important, structural fills, road construction, building materials, backfilling materials for mines and light-weight aggregates.
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Novel materials and products manufactured from ash-slag waste from thermal power plants Bernatskii, A. F. et al. Energetik, 1997, (3) 25-26. (In Russian) The Sibir Power Engineering Research Institute has carried out studies on ash-slag wastes formed in burning of Kuznetsk coal at thermal power plants and the development of technologies of product manufacturing.
Products include facing tiles, roof shingles, electrically insulating ceramic products, and thermal-insulating materials.
The efficiency of those technologies consists in solving the problems of waste utilization, decreasing pollution, and obtaining less costing but competitive materials and products.*