4D Printing: Fundamentals and Applications

✍ Scribed by Rupinder Singh

• Publisher: Elsevier
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 195
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

In the past three decades, there has been an increasing focus of research efforts on the development and optimization of additive manufacturing processes. These additive manufacturing processes may use powder/liquid and solid based consumable materials. But up until now, little has been reported on hybrid processes, (such as processes that can use a combination of powder/liquid and solid based consumable materials) or smart consumables which may have controlled 4th dimensional capabilities. Additive Manufacturing for 4D Applications explores both autonomic and non-autonomic systems with different stimulus such as temperature, current, moisture, light, sound. In addition, the 5th dimensional aspect using more than one stimulus is outlined for additive manufacturing processes. It presents both an introduction to the basic understanding of hybrid processes, as well as exploring the physics behind the process (in the form of derivation and numerical problems). For the field engineer, applicable codes and standards for each hybrid process are provided. Lastly, case studies are included in each section and will provide the reader with a model to explore future research directions.

✦ Table of Contents

Front Cover
4D Printing
Copyright Page
Contents
List of contributors
Preface
Additive manufacturing for 4D applications
1 Introduction
1 On 3D printed multiblended and hybrid-blended poly(lactic)acid composite matrix for self-assembly
1.1 Introduction
1.2 3D printing of hybrid and multiblended matrix of poly(lactic)acid: a case study
1.2.1 Preparation of hybrid-blended matrix and its printing on fused deposition modeling platform
1.3 Preparation of multimaterial matrix of poly(lactic)acid and its printing on fused deposition modeling platform
1.4 Comparative results of multimaterial and hybrid-blended matrix of poly(lactic)acid
1.5 Mechanical properties of multimaterial and hybrid-blended matrix
1.5.1 Tensile and flexural properties
1.6 Morphological properties
1.6.1 Scanning electron microscopy analysis
1.6.2 Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy analysis
1.7 Vibration sample magnetometery results
1.8 Summary
References
2 Graphene-reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composite as smart material for 4D applications
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Research gap and problem formulation
2.3 Experimentation
2.3.1 Chemical-assisted mechanical blending and TSE of G-reinforced ABS
2.3.2 Prestraining G-reinforced ABS composite on universal testing machine
2.3.3 Vibration sample magnetometry and piezoelectric analysis
2.4 Result and discussion
2.4.1 Shape memory effect in G-reinforced ABS composites
2.4.2 Vibration sample magnetometry and piezoelectric analysis
2.4.3 Morphological analysis
Acknowledgment
References
3 Two-way programming of secondary recycled poly(lactic)acid composite matrix using magnetic field as stimulus
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Two-way programming of secondary recycled poly(lactic)acid composite: a case study
3.3 Materials and method
3.4 Result and discussion
3.4.1 Mechanical testing results
3.4.2 Vibration sample magnetometery analysis
3.4.3 Statistical control of magnetic properties of poly(lactic)acid composites
3.4.4 Porosity analysis
3.4.5 3D surface rendering and surface roughness analysis
3.5 Studies reported at international level
3.6 Summary
Annex. 1
References
4 3D printed graphene-reinforced polyvinylidene fluoride composite for piezoelectric properties
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Research gap and problem formulation
4.3 Experimentation
4.3.1 Chemical-assisted mechanical blended of PVDF-graphene composite
4.3.2 Twin screw extruder and 3D printing of PVDF-graphene
4.3.3 Piezoelectric testing
4.3.4 Vibration sample magnetometry analysis
4.4 Results and discussion
4.4.1 Thermal, piezoelectric, and vibration sample magnetometry analysis
4.4.2 Morphological analysis
4.5 Summary
Acknowledgments
References
5 On characterization of rechargeable, flexible electrochemical energy storage device
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Experimentation
5.2.1 Material selection
5.2.2 Sample preparation
5.2.3 Sample processing
5.2.4 Materials characterization
5.2.4.1 Rheological measurements
5.2.4.2 Differential scanning calorimetry
5.2.4.3 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
5.2.4.4 Scanning electron microscopy
5.3 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
6 On dual/multimaterial composite matrix for smart structures: a case study of ABS-PLA, HIPS-PLA-ABS
6.1 Introduction
6.2 On dual-material 3D printing of different combination of layers: a case study
6.3 Thumb rule derived from the case study
6.4 Validation of thumb rule
6.4.1 Case study for validation of thumb rule from dual-material 3D printing on 3D printed three different material combina...
6.4.2 Proposed best and worst condition while considering NoC, NoNC, and other input parameters
6.5 Summary
References
7 PVDF-graphene-BaTiO3 composite for 4D applications
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Experimentation
7.2 Results and discussion
7.2.1 Dimensional analysis
7.2.2 3D printing of piezoelectric sensor
7.3 Conclusion
References
8 Hydrothermal stimulus for 4D capabilities of PA6-Al-Al2O3 composite
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Experimentation
8.2.1 Materials
8.2.2 Sample preparation
8.2.3 Sample processing
8.2.4 Materials characterization
8.2.4.1 Melt flow index measurements
8.2.4.2 Tensile testing
8.3 Results and discussion
8.3.1 Rheological measurements
8.3.2 Tensile testing
8.3.3 Scanning electron microscopy
8.4 Conclusions
Acknowledgement
References
9 On PLA–ZnO composite matrix for shape memory effect
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Materials and methods
9.3 Experimentation
9.3.1 Twin screw compounding
9.3.2 Shape memory investigation
9.4 Results and discussion
9.5 Summary
Acknowledgments
References
Index
Back Cover