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2-[18F]fluoropyridines by no-carrier-added nucleophilic aromatic substitution with [18F]FK-K222—a comparative study

✍ Scribed by Lilian Dolci; Frédéric Dolle; Sébastien Jubeau; Françoise Vaufrey; Christian Crouzel


Publisher
John Wiley and Sons
Year
1999
Tongue
French
Weight
364 KB
Volume
42
Category
Article
ISSN
0022-2135

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✦ Synopsis


The scope of the nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction of 2-substituted pyridines with nocarrier-added [ (\left.{ }^{13} \mathrm{~F}\right]) fluoride ion (half life : 110 minutes) as its (\left[{ }^{18} \mathrm{~F}\right] \mathrm{FK}-\mathrm{K}_{222}) activated complex, has been evaluated via the radiosynthesis of (2-\left[{ }^{18} \mathrm{~F}\right]) fluoropyridine, chosen as a model reaction. The parameters studied include the influence of the leaving group in the 2 position of the pyridine ring, the quantity of the precursor used, the type of activation (conventional heating, micro- & ultrasonic wave irradiations), the solvent, the temperature and the duration of the reaction. Concerning the influence of the leaving group, 2-chloro- and 2-bromopyridine gave moderate to good fluorine-18 incorporation yields while 2-nitro- and especially 2 -trimethylammonium pyridine gave excellent incorporation yields. Noteworthy, 2-iodopyridine was almost unreactive. As expected, the incorporation yield increased with the quantity of precursor used : high yields were observed from about (7 \mu \mathrm{mol}) of precursor. Using conventional heating and regardless of the substituent in the 2 position of the pyridine ring, the best yields for the radiosynthesis of (2-\left[{ }^{18} \mathrm{~F}\right]) fluoropyridine were obtained when the temperature of the reaction was (180^{\circ} \mathrm{C}) and the solvent DMSO. The yields for the 2-nitro- and the 2-trimethylammonium pyridine precursors were (77 %) and (88 %) respectively, after only 5 minutes of reaction and were similar to those observed at (150^{\circ} \mathrm{C}) for longer reaction times. At (120^{\circ} \mathrm{C}), neither the 2 -chloro- nor the 2-bromopyridine gave any incorporation. Using microwave irradiations, excellent incorporation yields ( (96 %) ) were observed for the 2-trimethylammonium pyridine from 1 minute of reaction at 100 Watt in DMSO. Concerning the 2-chloro-, 2-bromo- and 2-nitropyridine, the use of 100 Watt microwave irradiations for 2 minutes gave yields comparable to those obtained for 10 minutes of conventional heating at (180^{\circ} \mathrm{C}, 22 %, 71 %) and (88 %) respectively. No incorporation at all of the radioactivity could be detected when ultrasonic waves were applied, even with long reaction time and high power.


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