06/02409 Climate change dilemma: technology, social change or both? An examination of long-term transport policy choices in the United States: Raian, S. C. Energy Policy, 2006, 34, (6), 664–679.
- Publisher
- Elsevier Science
- Year
- 2006
- Weight
- 179 KB
- Volume
- 47
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0140-6701
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
✦ Synopsis
15 Environment (pollution, health protection, applications) regarded as a positive one, and often described as significant. In order to improve the quality of life by means of urban green, decision makers need better information regarding the quantity and quality of urban green available in their city. The aim of this paper was to develop and evaluation framework that can be used in the assessment of urban green spaces by means of criteria linked to the notion of quality of life. This evaluation framework is built upon the multicriteria analysis method flag model and will be demonstrated by means of a case study. In this case study, the Leipzig 'district park Reudnitz' will be evaluated against a set of benchmark values related to policy objectives. 06/02408 Bahrain's Formula-1 racing circuit: energy and environmental considerations Alnaser, W. E. et al. Applied Energy, 2006, 83, (4), 352-370. The Bahrain International Circuit (BIC) and complex, at latitude 26.00N and longitude 51.54E, was built in 483 days and cost US$150 million. The circuit consists of six different individual tracks with a 3.66 km outer track (involving 10 turns) and a 2.55 km inner track (having six turns). The complex has been designed to host a variety of other sporting activities. A total of 50,000 spectators, including 10,500 in the main grandstand, can be accommodated simultaneously. State-of-theart on-site media and broadcast facilities are available. The noise level emitted from vehicles on the circuit during the Formula-1 event, on 4 April 2004, was acceptable and caused no physical disturbance to the fans in the VIP lounges or to scholars studying at the University of Bahrain's Shakeir Campus, which is only 1.5 km away from the circuit. The sound-intensity level (SIL) recorded on the balcony of the VIP lounge was 128 dB(A) and was 80 dB(A) inside the lounge. The calculated SIL immediately outside the lecture halls of the University of Bahrain was 70 and 65 dB(A) within them. Thus racing at B1C can proceed without significantly disturbing the academic-learning process. The purchased electricity demand by the BIC complex peaked (at 4.5 MW) during the first Formula-1 event on 4 April 2004. The reverse-3 osmosis (no) plant at the BIC provides 1000 m of desalinated water per day for landscape irrigation. Renewable-energy inputs, (i.e., via solar and wind power), at the BIC could be harnessed to generate electricity for water desalination, air conditioning, lighting as well as for irrigation. If the covering of the BIC complex was covered by adhesively fixed modern photovoltaic cells, then approximately 1.2 MW of solar electricity could be generated. If two horizontal-axis, at 150 m height above the ground, three 75-m bladed, wind turbines were to be installed at the BIC, then the output could reach 4 MW. Furthermore, if 10,000 Jojoba trees (a species known for having a low demand for water, needing only five irrigations per year in Bahrain and which remain green throughout the year) are planted near the circuit, then the local micro-climate would be improved with respect to human comfort as well as the local environment becoming cleaner.